Intro4u2u

Chapter 1: Introduction    PDF and Slides

* Database Management Systems
* Purpose of Database Systems
* Data Abstraction
* Data Models
o Object-based Logical Models
+ The E-R Model
+ The Object-Oriented Model
o Record-based Logical Models
+ The Relational Model
+ The Network Model
+ The Hierarchical Model
o Physical Data Models
* Instances and Schemes
* Data Independence
* Data Definition Language (DDL)
* Data Manipulation Language (DML)
* Database Manager
* Database Administrator
* Database Users
* Overall System Structure

Chapter 2: Entity-Relationship Model    PDF and Slides

* Entities and Entity Sets
* Relationships & Relationship Sets
* Attributes
* Mapping Constraints
* Keys
* Primary Keys for Relationship Sets
* The Entity Relationship Diagram
* Other Styles of E-R Diagram
* Reducing E-R Diagrams to Tables
o Representation of Strong Entity Sets
o Representation of Weak Entity Sets
o Representation of Relationship Sets
* Generalization
* Aggregation
* Design of an E-R Database Scheme
o Mapping Cardinalities
o Use of Entity or Relationship Sets
o Use of Extended E-R Features

Chapter 3: Relational Model    PDF and Slides

* Structure of Relational Database
o Basic Structure
o Database Scheme
o Keys
o Query Languages
* The Relational Algebra
o Fundamental Operations
o Formal Definition of Relational Algebra
o Additional Operations
* The Tuple Relational Calculus
o Example Queries
o Formal Definitions
o Safety of Expressions
o Expressive Power of Languages
* The Domain Relational Calculus
o Formal Definitions
o Example Queries
o Safety of Expressions
o Expressive Power of Languages
* Modifying the Database
o Deletion
o Insertions
o Updating
* Views
o View Definition
o Updates Through Views and Null Values

Chapter 4: SQL    PDF and Slides

* Background
* Basic Structure
o The select Clause
o The where Clause
o The from Clause
o The Rename Operation
o Tuple Variables
o String Operations
o Ordering the Display of Tuples
o Duplicate Tuples
* Set Operations
* Aggregate Functions
* Null Values
* Nested Subqueries
o Set Membership
o Set Comparison
o Test for Empty Relations
o Test for the Absence of Duplicate Tuples
* Derived Relations
o Views
* Modification of the Database
o Deletion
o Insertion
o Updates
o Update of a view
* Joined Relations
o Examples
o Join types and conditions
* Data-Definition Language
o Domain Types in SQL
o Schema definition in SQL
* Embedded SQL
* Other SQL Features

Chapter 5: Other Relational Languages    PDF and Slides

* Query-by-Example (QBE)
o Basic Structure
o Simple Queries
o Queries on Several Relations
o The Condition Box
o The Result Relation
o Ordering the Display of Tuples
o Aggregate Operations
o Modifying the Database
+ Insertion
+ Updates
* Quel
o Converting Queries Easily Into Any Language

Chapter 6: Integrity Constraints    PDF and Slides

* Domain Constraints
* Referential Integrity
o Basic Concepts
o Referential Integrity in the E-R Model
o Database Modification
o Referential Integrity in SQL
* Assertions
* Triggers
* Functional Dependencies
o Basic Concepts
o Closure of a Set of Functional Dependencies
o Closure of Attribute Sets
o Canonical Cover

Chapter 7: Relational Database Design    PDF and Slides

* Pitfalls in Relational DB Design
o Representation of Information
* Decomposition
* Normalization Using Functional Dependencies
o Desirable Properties of Decomposition
+ Lossless-Join Decomposition
+ Dependency Preservation
+ Repetition of Information
o Boyce-Codd Normal Form
o Third Normal Form
o Comparison of BCNF and 3NF
* Normalization Using Multivalued Dependencies (not to be covered)
o Multivalued Dependencies
o Theory of Multivalued Dependencies
o Fourth Normal Form (4NF)
* Normalization Using Join Dependencies (not to be covered)
* Domain-Key Normal Form (not to be covered)
* Alternative Approaches to Database Design (not to be covered)

Chapter 8: Object-Oriented Databases    PDF and Slides

* New DB Applications
* The Object-Oriented Data Model
o Object Structure
o Object Classes
o Inheritance
o Multiple Inheritance
o Object Identity
o Object Containment
* Object-Oriented Languages
* Persistent Programming Languages
o Persistence of Objects
o Object Identity and Pointers
o Storage and Access of Persistent Objects
* Persistent C++ Systems
o The ODMG C++ Object Definition Language
o The ODMG C++ Object Manipulation Language
* References

Chapter 9: Object-Relational Databases    PDF and Slides

* Nested Relations
* Complex Types and Object Orientation
o Structured and collection types
o Inheritance
o Reference Types
* Querying with Complex Types
o Relation-Valued Attributes
o Path Expressions
o Nesting and Unnesting
o Functions
* Creation of Complex Values and Objects
* Comparison of Object-Oriented and Object-Relational Databases
* References

Chapter 10: Storage and File Structure    PDF and Slides

* Overview of Physical Storage Media
* Magnetic Disks
o Physical Characteristics of Disks
o Performance Measures of Disks
o Optimization of Disk-Block Access
* RAID: Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (Not covered)
* Tertiary Storage
o Optical Disks
o Magnetic Tapes
* Storage Access
o Buffer manager
o Buffer replacement policies
* File Organization
o Fixed-Length Records
o Variable-Length Records
+ Byte string representation
+ Fixed-length representation
* Organization of Records in Files
o Sequential File Organization
o Clustering File Organization
* Data Dictionary Storage
* Storage Structures for Object-Oriented Databases (Omitted)

Chapter 11: Indexing and Hashing    PDF and Slides

* Basic Concepts
* Ordered Indices
o Primary Index
+ Dense and Sparse Indices
+ Multi-Level Indices
+ Index Update
o Secondary Indices
* B+-Tree Index Files
o Structure of a B+-Tree
o Queries on B+-Trees
o Updates on B+-Trees
o B+-Tree File Organization
* B-Tree Index Files
* Static Hashing
o Hash File Organization
+ Hash Functions
+ Handling of bucket overflows
o Hash Indices
* Dynamic Hashing
* Comparison of Indexing and Hashing
* Index Definition in SQL
* Multiple-Key Access
o Grid File
o Partitioned Hashing

Chapter 12: Query Processing    PDF and Slides

* Query Interpretation
* Equivalence of Expressions
o Selection Operation
o Projection Operation
o Natural Join Operation
o Other Operations
* Estimation of Query-Processing Cost
* Estimation of Access Costs Using Indices
* Join Strategies
o Simple Iteration
o Block-Oriented Iteration
o Merge-Join
o Use of an Index
o Hash Join
o Three-Way Join
* Join Strategies for Parallel Processors
o Parallel-Join
o Pipelined Multiway Join
o Physical Organization
* Structure of the Query Optimizer