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Archive for May, 2008


TURCK introduces JRBS junction

Vertical Mount Junction Bricks Provide Installation and Wiring Convenience

Minneapolis, Minn. - TURCK introduces JRBS junction bricks for FOUNDATION fieldbus(TM), an innovative product family providing quick and easy connection of multiple devices to the main fieldbus trunk. JRBS junction bricks are available with 4, 6, 8, 10 or 12 ports and feature removable terminals for simple, efficient installation and wiring modification in tight spaces. These terminals are located on both sides of the brick to enable easy access for wiring from either direction-and they securely screw into place-eliminating the risk of becoming disconnected in high vibration environments. Plus, JRBS junction bricks can be DIN-mounted vertically or horizontally.

JRBS junction bricks provide short circuit protection for all ports, as well as visual status with bright LED indicators located on each spur. This allows devices to be added and removed without disruption to the network. An optional overmolded, pluggable terminating resistor is also available for use with the three pole terminal blocks.

“TURCK has significant experience developing fieldbus technology for industrial networks,” said Robb Black, vice-president of TURCK’s Network and Interface Division. “Our experience has allowed us to evaluate our customers’ specific needs for each of these networks. The JRBS junction brick was designed to meet customer demands in an easy-to-engineer package.” Black adds, “JRBS junction bricks simplify installation while utilizing our proven circuit design installed in thousands of TURCK junction bricks currently in the field.”

Applications. IP20 JRBS junction bricks deliver a reliable, network-enabled solution for remote I/O systems in numerous industries, including:
Oil and gas
Petrochemical
Power generation and distribution
Pharmaceutical
Water processing and management

In addition, several features of the JRBS junction brick make it particularly simple to set-up and use:
Delivers a complete FOUNDATION fieldbus solution from field devices to control systems
Available in 4, 6, 8, 10 or 12 port models
Features removable terminals for easier access and wiring in confined areas
Offers simple vertical or horizontal DIN-rail mounting configuration
Pluggable terminating resistor available
Incorporates short circuit protection with LED indication on each spur
Features IP20-rated housing
Offers cage-clamp terminals, screw terminals

Hazardous location approvals permit installation in a variety of configurations
TURCK is an industry leader providing superior quality sensing, connectivity and network products to help manufacturers improve their automated processes. For other TURCK product or technical

Fieldbus

Redundant Operations
Fieldbus systems offer many advantages to process companies, not the least of which is the elimination of “home run” wiring and the snake’s nest of twisted-pair wiring in field-mounted marshalling cabinets. Fieldbus eliminates all this because it allows up to 32 devices to be wired together over a single twisted-pair digital “network” or segment.

However, fieldbus systems present a problem: What happens if the segment cable or the power conditioner driving the segment cable fails? Depending on where the failure occurs, the entire segment-with all 32 devices-could go down. An entire process unit could then go off line.

One answer is to provide redundancy wherever possible, to ensure that any single failure cannot take down an entire process unit. Redundancy can be employed in two basic ways:

  • Redundant Power Conditioners
  • Redundant trunks

A redundant power conditioner has two power conditioners, both powered by a load-sharing pair of 24Vdc power supplies. Such a system can survive the failure of either 24Vdc power supply or either power conditioner. If a failure occurs, the unit automatically and bumplessly switches all load to the backup unit. It also has an alarm output to indicate that a failure has occurred. If any of the individual modules fail, replacements can be “hot swapped” into place without shutting down the segment.

The power conditioner modules plug into a DIN carrier, which can accommodate four or eight modules, to provide redundant power for two or four fieldbus segments. For a redundant configuration, each pair of power conditioner modules requires two power supply inputs and one connection to the fieldbus segment. Installation is not difficult, because a redundant power conditioner requires no changes to be made to the fieldbus segment, device couplers or interface card.

However, in most cases (depending on the vendor), the DIN carrier can accommodate simplex (non redundant) or duplex (redundant) power conditioners, but not both. That is, you cannot mix redundant and nonredundant power conditioners in the same DIN carrier. Therefore, when determining which critical fieldbus segments will have redundant power conditioners, take care to plan fieldbus wiring so that the critical segments are routed to the proper DIN carrier.

Redundant Trunks
In a critical process segment, it may be necessary to provide redundancy on the main segment cable or “trunk.” This protects a process unit from going down if something happens to the main cable, such as a forklift running over the cable, water getting into the conduit, or any of a host of problems that can occur in the field. If the system can be switched to a backup or redundant segment, then the process can continue operating.

It is important to note that fieldbus instruments can continue to operate by themselves if communication to the host DCS is lost. In FF installations, the field devices can talk to each other, and continue monitoring and control operations according to the last setpoints provided by the DCS. However, they cannot continue to operate if the trunk cable is broken, because the cable provides power to the instruments.

One way to provide redundancy is to duplicate the entire segment. This requires a duplicate interface card (such as an H1 card for FF), a duplicate power conditioner, duplicate cable, duplicate device coupler, and duplicate field instruments. When one segment fails, the DCS switches over to the backup segment.

While this is an extremely expensive hardware solution, it does provide redundancy for every device in the segment. No matter what fails, a backup exists. To install such a system, you must determine the conditions that will cause the DCS to switch segments, and program the DCS accordingly. Check with your DCS vendor to make sure the DCS can identify a segment failure. Some DCSes can only determine that an interface card failed.

If this is the case, you must devise some way of determining that a segment failed. It is possible to set up a software scheme that periodically polls the fieldbus devices, asking for device status. If none of the devices respond, the software could conclude that the segment has failed, and call for the DCS to switch to the backup segment. However, maintenance procedures then become very complex, with special overrides to cater for out-of-service devices, etc.

An alternative method is to use a fault-tolerant segment with parallel interface cards, parallel power conditioners, dual trunks and one field device coupler. This eliminates the need to duplicate field instruments and avoids difficult maintenance issues, while still improving the segment MTTF by between 7 and 10 times, at virtually no extra cost. The power conditioners determine when a cable break occurs, cut power to the failed trunk, and use the backup cable immediately. This “fault-tolerant” approach simplifies installation, because it does not require any special programming of the DCS.

When the fault-tolerant system detects a cable break, it deprives the H1 card of power, so the DCS knows that a failure occurred and can switch to the backup H1 card. It also gets an alarm from the power supply, indicating that a failure occurred. And, because the power conditioners have Auto-Termination capability, the proper segment termination is set automatically.

The fault-tolerant system does not require any other special hardware; in fact, the DIN-rail power conditioner modules can be installed in the same DIN rack as conventional modules.

No special installation wiring is necessary in the field. It is probably advisable to route the two segment cables differently, so that the same physical incident-such as a wayward forklift-does not take out both cables at the same time.

If a certain type of field instrument is prone to failure, a redundant instrument can be installed, and wired into any spare spur on the device coupler. The DCS, of course, has to be configured accordingly, so it recognizes a device failure and knows to switch to the backup instrument.

Working in Hazardous Areas
Three methods are available for installing fieldbus in hazardous areas:

  • Intrinsically safe systems
  • Explosionproof cabinets
  • Nonincendive equipment

Intrinsically safe (I.S.) circuit designs limit the electrical energy at the device to a level below the
explosive limits of the environment and remain safe with a component failure. An intrinsically safe circuit, as defined by the NEC, is “a circuit in which any spark or any thermal effect is incapable of causing ignition of a mixture of flammable or combustible material in air under prescribed test conditions.” An I.S. circuit uses a safety device such as a safety barrier to limit the power in the hazardous environment and, because I.S. is considered to be very safe, this type of system can be worked on while energized without gas clearance testing (commonly referred to as a “hot work permit”).

An explosion proof design and installation (flameproof/Exd in Europe) requires that if a fuel were ignited inside the device enclosure, the enclosure will contain the energy of ignition and disperse it into the classified area at a level low enough to prevent a secondary ignition from occurring outside the enclosure. Explosion proof designs require special installation methods, as well as requiring the electrical devices and enclosures to be rated explosion proof (NEMA 7/9) for the proper area classification. This type of system cannot be worked on while energized without a gas clearance certificate.

A nonincendive circuit, as defined by the NEC, is “a circuit, other than field wiring, in which any arc or thermal effect produced under intended operating conditions of the equipment is not capable, under specified test conditions, of igniting the flammable gas-air, vapor-air or dust-air mixture.” Nonincendive circuit designs do not take component failure into consideration, thereby offering a reduced level of safety by comparison to the intrinsically safe circuit design and are therefore only allowable in Division 2/Zone 2. There are two fundamental types; non-arcing which cannot be worked on whilst energized without gas clearance testing, and energy-limited, which is more like a poor man’s I.S. and can be disconnected ‘live.’

While all three methods have been used for fieldbus installations, the most popular-especially in Europe-is intrinsic safety. One might consider that this is an historical hangover; I.S. systems were great for analog electronic modules that needed frequent access in the field and for the adjustment of limit switches on valves. Fieldbus devices have no physical adjustments accessible in the field or otherwise, and all changes are made through the segment communications, so putting yourself through the pain of I.S. fieldbus (and it can be very painful indeed) is not necessary at all! However, company specifications don’t always follow technology very fast so we will describe how to minimize that heartache.

Installing Intrinsically Safe Systems
Intrinsically safe methods for fieldbus include:

  • Entity
  • FISCO
  • Split Architecture Entity

An Entity system requires “barriers;” that is, devices that limit the amount of current that can enter
the hazardous area. In general, Entity systems are highly reliable, especially when based on simple resistive current-limiting. Intrinsically-safe fieldbus was originally based on the FOUNDATION fieldbus FF816 specification, which allowed Entity parameters for field devices to be at least 24V/250mA/1.2W. These barriers allow about 80mA for Gas Groups A, B, C, D (NEC)/II (IEC), or four devices per segment.

The major problem in installing an Entity system is the large number of barriers required, and the amount of cabinet space required in the “safe area”. Because each barrier can work with only four fieldbus devices, this requires a large number of fieldbus segments. For example, a conventional (non-hazardous) segment with 16 x 20mA fieldbus devices would have to be separated into four segments in a hazardous area. Each segment requires an H1 or PA interface card, power supply/conditioner, barrier, trunk cable and a device coupler.

FISCO (Fieldbus Intrinsically Safe Concept) provides 115mA, allowing a FISCO power supply to power about five conventional 20mA fieldbus devices. WARNING! WARNING! Some FISCO fieldbus devices are designed to take lower current (12mA or 15mA) and some less-scrupulous manufacturers use that value to claim that FISCO systems drive more devices; however, be aware that less current usually means less capability in the devices themselves.

FISCO also introduces a drawback: the complexity of the FISCO electronic current-limiting design itself and the requirement to have multiple such circuits in series (current-limiting must still be available even if a circuit fails in an unsafe way) means that the overall MTTF of these units is much lower than users might expect. FISCO systems are also much more expensive because of the high cost of the FISCO power supplies and fieldbus devices.

Installation of FISCO is similar to an Entity system: the FISCO power supplies are mounted in the safe area. The rules for using FISCO allow only 1000m (3250 ft) of cable in total and only 60m (195ft) spurs, about half that of a ‘normal’ fieldbus. This should not pose a problem in most installations, because of the limited number of devices on each segment.

A split-architecture system puts part of the barrier in an isolator and part of it in each of the spurs of a field-mounted device coupler. By splitting the intrinsically safe current-limiting method in this way, the system can put a full 350mA on the trunk that leads into hazardous areas with Gas Groups C&D, and still have intrinsically-safe spurs that match FF816 Group A&B approved devices.
This overcomes both the FISCO and conventional Entity restrictions on available current. Up to 16 devices can be put on a segment, nearly four times as many as an Entity or FISCO system.

Installation is much simpler, because fewer devices and segments are required. In general, a splitarchitecture system requires only 25% of the cabinet space of an Entity or FISCO system.

One problem you may encounter during installation is incompatibility of conventional and FISCO devices. In previous implementations, the split-architecture design has been based on device Entity parameters of 24V, 250mA and 1.2W (values which the I.S. power supply must guarantee not to exceed and which are specified in IEC61158-2 and associated documents). FISCO devices, on the other hand, are associated with Entity values of 17.5V, 380mA and 3.8W, so it has not been possible for Entity systems to easily demonstrate compatibility and safety with FISCO devices. This had become an issue with some device manufacturers who have specified FISCO approvals for their devices but not Entity approvals, and with some older devices which have Entity approvals but not FISCO.

A recent enhancement in split-architecture systems is the incorporation of FISCO-compatibility at the field device coupler. Having FISCO and Entity compatibility at the device coupler in a splitarchitecture design enables all users to implement intrinsically safe fieldbus with any desired mix of approved devices without the limitations in cable lengths and reduction in MTBF that results from a pure FISCO system.

Removing and Replacing Instruments
Maintenance people want to be able to remove devices from fieldbus segments in hazardous areas without turning off the whole segment, and without going through complex disconnection procedures and mechanical interlocks, if they can be avoided.

In Zone 1 applications, simply specify a device coupler approved for Zone 1 that also has a magnetic interlock on each spur. The technician puts the key in the slot, which isolates the spur, and makes it accessible for re-wiring without shutting down the segment. This works particularly well if IEC/AEx standards are being followed, since that particular device coupler can fit inside a low-cost GRP enclosure (Exe/AExe approved) with spurs fully accessible in Zone 1. Some device couplers are designed and approved for use in Zone 1 and Zone 2 with flameproof Exd devices.

For flameproof Division 1 applications, live de-mateable plug/socket combinations are available from many manufacturers. If an application demands live exposure in Division 1 or connection into Zone 0, then field barriers can be used which allow intrinsically-safe (I.S.) spurs to be attached to the nonintrinsically safe trunk.

Cost issues involve the amount of time a maintenance technician must spend removing and replacing instruments. If the process is laborious, it might take hours to follow all the safety procedures. If the process simply requires a key, then an instrument can be disconnected in a few seconds.

Many of the installation headaches discussed in this two-part article can be minimized through careful selection of fieldbus equipment at the beginning of the project.

Topless Visit Gurlzon

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High School teacher Topless


WESTMINSTER - A Westminster High School teacher and coach is on leave after photographs of nude girls appeared on a school computer during class.Because the teacher has not been arrested or charged, 9NEWS is not naming him.

According to Westminster Police, as the teacher was setting up a PowerPoint presentation, he opened a file that had several thumbnail pictures of nude or partially nude females. Students in the class notified school administrators, who then got the school resource officer involved.

The police report is not clear as to when the incident took place, but it is believed to have happened in the last few weeks. It is also not clear if the computer that contained the files was the school’s computer or the teacher’s personal computer.

Although the teacher has not been charged, police say he faces a count of promotion of obscenity to a minor, a Class 6 felony.

Deb Haviland, a spokesperson for Adams County School District 50, confirmed Friday the teacher is on paid administrative leave “while the school district and police investigate.”

Haviland could not give any details as to why the teacher was on leave, saying it was a personnel matter, but she did say no students were in danger.
THE CLAREMONT Village is getting downright weird.

First it was a drunken woman Marine at a downtown restaurant who ordered police officers to “drop down and give me 50″ pushups.

Days later and a few blocks away, a naked man was found wandering the streets.

College security spotted the unclad man at 6 a.m. as he walked on College Avenue near Harrison Street.

When police officers arrived, according to the Claremont Courier’s police blotter, the man said he was visiting his brother, who attends Pomona College, had drunk too much and “simply lost his clothing.”

Don’t you hate it when that happens?

In an intriguing postscript, the Courier added: “Police later found his pile of clothing in the Village Expansion.”

Perhaps his clothes expanded right off him.

Really, though, let’s get this straight. Not only did he lose his clothing, but this man wandered at least six blocks through downtown Claremont in the nude?

I know Claremonters gripe that you can’t buy underwear in the Village, but surely that doesn’t mean downtown is clothing-optional.

SYLVESTER BROOKS made one of his periodic, yet reliably entertaining, appearances at Tuesday’s Ontario City Council meeting.

First, the dapper 86-year-old announced impishly during public comment that he had new hearing aids, replacing ones that tended to interfere with the room’s audio system and emit a piercing whine.

“I’m in
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my fourth childhood. I got new toys,” Brooks quipped, pointing to his ears.

He then paid the meetings a compliment.

“One thing I like is the jovial atmosphere of this council and the people who come to the meetings. I’ve looked at a lot of council meetings, including the city of Los Angeles, and none of them are jovial, which is a part of life.

“If you’re sad all the time,” Brooks concluded, “you’re a bum and you’re behind the eight-ball.”

Later in the meeting, Brooks went to the lectern again. This time he objected to how Ontario disburses federal block grant money, saying that less money is given out than in the 1980s and that citizens are less involved in the decisions.

City officials say more than hairstyles have changed since the 1980s - the feds provide far less money to cities than before.

Brooks, as usual, objected to being cut off at the three-minute limit. (One would think he would learn not to squander the first minute of his time with patter.)

“I can’t tell you everything I learned in three minutes,” Brooks complained.

“You told us plenty, Mr. Brooks,” Mayor Paul Leon said.

“You don’t want to hear the truth,” Brooks said as he left, muttering “waste of my time” as he recovered his briefcase and stalked out of the chambers (pausing for a friendly word to yours truly).

Moments later, to give a plug for Chaffey High’s production of “High School Musical,” Leon began by saying: “On an up note…I’d like to say `a more jovial note,’ but Mr. Brooks isn’t here and he’s not very jovial right now because he didn’t get the answer he wanted.”

Something tells me Brooks wasn’t sad for long, because he’s no bum and he’s certainly not behind the eight-ball.

NOT EVERYONE at Ontario council meetings tries to be jovial (and good for them).

In her bi-weekly jeremiad at the lectern, Dorene Hopkins referred at one point to “this so-called city, and the so-called people running it.”

Now that’s skepticism.

From now on when I write about Ontario, I may have to put the words “city” and “people” in quotes to avoid looking like a dupe.
Queensland looks set to finally catch up with the rest of Australia and get its first official nude beach.

All states and territories except Queensland have had designated clothing-optional beaches since South Australia declared the first, Maslin Beach near Adelaide, in 1975.

The Sunshine Coast has an unofficial nude beach in a national park area at Alexandria Bay, but enthusiasts have long lobbied for a legal beach.

Queensland Premier Anna Bligh and newly-elected Sunshine Coast Mayor Bob Abbot have announced they will not oppose a submission from the Free Beaches Association, calling for one of three proposed beaches to be made clothing-optional.

Association secretary Anita Grigg said the preferred beach was Mudjimba, in a secluded area north of Maroochydore.

Ms Grigg said nudists had been discriminated against, while other interest groups, like dog owners, were given large tracts of beach to use.

“In all areas that we as nudists have tried to find a little quiet spot where we could sunbake nude and mind our own business … we have been persecuted,” she told AAP.

The beach would attract not only 500 local enthusiasts, but tourists from interstate and overseas, particularly the US and Europe, Ms Grigg said.

The group’s Nude Olympics draws about 600 people annually, but that number could double with a legal beach.

“Tourists from overseas ring up and when we say we don’t have a beach that’s legal they say, ‘we don’t want to be locked up’,” Ms Grigg said.

“We are losing huge amounts of tourism US dollars.”

Ms Bligh said she was happy to work with the Sunshine Coast Regional Council.

“If they decide to go ahead with it and they require any state laws to change then I’m happy to work with the council to make that possible,” she said.

“Frankly this is not everybody’s cup of tea but I do think that most people would prefer that this sort of activity is conducted on a private beach away from families and away from people who don’t want to see that sort of thing on their beaches.”

Ms Bligh said she appreciated the council was trying to strike a balance between families’ needs and a niche tourism market, but did not want to see nude beaches cropping up across the Queensland coastline.

“I don’t understand it myself, but I accept that there are some people, not just locally but from around the world, who seek out these sorts of opportunities,” she said.

Primary school teacher NUDE


A NORTHERN beaches primary school teacher has been sacked for appearing in a sealed nude photo shoot in Cleo magazine with her husband.Church Point resident Lynne Tziolas was dismissed from her full-time temporary position at Narraweena Public School last Friday.

The Year 1 teacher, who has been at the school for two years, has begun legal action against the NSW Education Department citing unfair dismissal.

She has also gained the support of more than 40 parents so far, who have signed a petition to have her reinstated.
Mrs Tziolas and her husband of four years, Antonios, appear in this month’s Cleo magazine in a sealed section with nine other couples.

The feature was based on couples sharing their intimate secrets about bedroom matters, answering questions about each other’s favourite body part, their sexual practices and the most risque thing they’d done.

Mrs Tziolas, 24, was handed a letter by the school’s principal at a meeting on Friday explaining she wouldn’t be needed on Monday morning, despite her contract running until the end of the year.

The letter, signed by peninsula education director Maurice Brunning, said: “I refer to an article in the magazine Cleo in which your photograph appears accompanied by an article about your personal lifestyle.

“I have concerns that this will seriously impact on your continued employment at Narraweena Public School. I wish to advise that your temporary engagement at Narraweena PS will cease from May 2.”

However, parents from the school believe the popular teacher has been wrongfully dismissed and have rallied around her.

They have started a petition asking for her to be reinstated.

“We believe she was wrongfully dismissed and we should have been consulted before a decision was made.” the petition reads.

“Ms Tziolas is a great teacher who is very popular with students, staff and parents”.

Ms Tziolas told The Manly Daily she was shocked at the school’s and the Education Department’s response to the photo shoot.

“It was very tasteful and I need to make it known that in no way do I ever let my private life affect or influence the content I disseminate in the classroom,” she said. “I could understand if I was a high school teacher, but I’m a primary school teacher and this appeared in a women’s adult magazine.”

Mrs Tziolas said both she and her husband would not have done anything differently, despite the consequences.
“We’re both very proud of what we’ve done. We’re in the 21st century. Yes, teachers have the ability to affect kids in the classroom, but you monitor what you do, what you say and what you wear around them.

“It’s a parents’ prerogative what a child opens in a magazine. It’s just like turning the TV off at eight o’clock.”

Mrs Tziolas said she had received notes and emails of support from parents and staff at the school and her students.

“They’ve been fantastic,” she said. “It makes me so sad because I didn’t even have a chance to say goodbye to my students.

“I’ve been in contact with some of the teachers there and they have been sympathetic. The parents have been fantastic.”

Have Your Say
Latest Comments:

Ms Tziolas’ skills and standing as a teacher should be the only business of her supervisors and employer. She has not broken any laws. The magazine is not part of the school curriculum. Where is the limit to what teachers can do in their personal lives? Who is going to throw the first stone? Is there an over-supply of good teachers? I hope common sense is applied and the children’s education unaffected.
Posted by: Jo Mulholland 6:32pm Friday

Just imagine if it was a male primary school teacher. Just imagine if he had a nude photoraph taken of himself for publication. And just imagine if he wanted to get back into teaching because he liked teaching the kiddies. I wonder how much support he’d get.
Posted by: Kevin Australis of Auckland 6:14pm Friday

Psycho 101 of Gold Coast - Please take your narrow minded inhibitions and sanctimonious morals elsewhere.Private life and work life are two very different things. This caring lady has caused no harm to her young charges, the noise from her students parents would have been deafening if she had.My own children go to a school down the road from Narraweena but I would have no problem having them taught by this lady.
Posted by: Local Parent of CROMER 6:13pm Friday

Sorry, but you both look like some highway gypsies. What you get up to behind closed doors is your business, so please do not publicise it.What did you expect a slap on the wrist.. Stay out of the system, you set a bad example to the children of tomorrow
Posted by: John Katsoulis of Melb 6:01pm Friday

To Psyche101 (and the rest), “Where children are involved, adult nudity is never tasteful”???? What the heck? Are you saying that you would never take a child to a museum or art exhibition? (And define child? Do you mean 17 year olds can’t see art?) I have to agree with the many others that there is a time and place for adult nudity. If this teacher was forcing her students to attend the photo shoot, ask them about their favourite body part etc THAT would be wrong. She is not. She is actually providing a valuable role model for her students; She is confident and dedicated, in a stable relationship (married even!) and has chosen a forum that should only be exposed to her students by poor parenting. She has made an accurate assessment that if she taught older students this might be an issue. Its not, so I’m glad you are not teaching my children. Get over it.
Posted by: Gideon Rann of Melbourne 5:47pm Friday

i am an ex narraweena PS student, i now attend cromer campus…ms tziolis was one of the BEST teachers i have ever met. i think she should be reinstated at the mighty weena!!p.s we had a teacher that secretly filmed up girls skirts at our school, so get over it!
Posted by: Sarah of Collaroy plateau 5:35pm Friday

To Psyche101 of Gold Coast:I agree with you. She is an educator for God’s sake!!!!!!!!! And she needs to grown up.
Posted by: Edna Smith of Frenchs Forest 5:34pm Friday

It is clear to me that Edna Smith went to a school that did not rate the development of her English skills highly and she may have benefited from a teacher with the caring and skills of the aggrieved Ms Tziolas. Ms Smith and the principal seem to have learnt well to criticise and to judge without empathy and judgement skills and certainly, lacking the courage to make the right decision. If both were to consider history they would soon find more to be worried about from teachers who are scout leaders than those in healthy heterosexual relationships. I agree with Jessie from Roxby Downs about where the real pressure is coming from. As for me, I am able to speak from experience. I have brought up six kids and I can tell you that if the kids know about sex at six, then you should be more worried about the parent than the teacher. I also know that kids can sniff out a pretentious busybody instantly and I am sure their bullshit detector is going berserk every time the principal walks by.Anyway, the bottom line is simple. What is her teaching like?
Posted by: Big Deal of Ballarat 5:15pm Friday

What a disgraceful act for an educator of children. She is kidding herself if she thought for a second that the entire contingent of students would remain oblivious to this. A teacher should maintain appropriate conuct in all public places. Where children are involved, adult nudity is never tasteful. Her lack of remorse is most disturbing. As an educator, she should be big enough to realise she has upset parents that trust her with their children every day. I hope she is never reinstated.

THE NSW Government is ducking for cover after it dismissed a popular primary school teacher for appearing nude with her husband in a magazine interview in which the couple described their sex life.

Dozens of parents of students at Narraweena Public School on Sydney’s northern beaches have signed a petition demanding the reinstatement of Lynne Tziolas.

Ms Tziolas was summarily dismissed from her full-time job teaching her Year 1 class of six- and seven-year-olds after the article appeared in this month’s issue of Cleo, a magazine aimed at women in their 20s and 30s.

Ms Tziolas, 24, appeared with her husband of four years, Antonios, in a discreet nude image. In the interview Ms Tziolas said her favourite bit of her husband was “his chest”.

Asked if they ever brought “toys” into the bedroom, Ms Tziolas said, “Yes, the usual stuff — dildos, clitoral stimulators, whips and cuffs”.

Her favourite position, she told Cleo, was “missionary, because I’m lazy”.

NSW Department of Education spokesman Liam Thorpe said Ms Tziolas was “employed at the school on a temporary basis” and several Narraweena parents had complained about the article.

“The teacher’s engagement has been ceased and the Department of Education and Training’s Employee Performance and Conduct Branch is investigating,” he said in a statement.

Asked why the department had dismissed Ms Tziolas and then held an investigation rather than the other way around, Mr Thorpe was unable to answer.

He later said Ms Tziolas had not been sacked and that she was on full pay for the next four weeks. But he was unable to say whether she could be re-employed, or contradict her claim she has a contract until the end of the school year.

Most Narraweena parents who spoke to The Weekend Australian yesterday were outraged that Ms Tziolas had lost her job.

Lisa Pulham said: “It’s her personal life and it’s got nothing to do with the children at the school and her performance.”

Another parent, Kylie Easton, said: “It’s an adult magazine and the children are not going to view it. She is a fantastic teacher and an inspiration for the choir.”

But Michelle Carroll, whose nine-year-old daughter Sasha is at the school, said it was inappropriate for Ms Tziolas to have done the interview. “It’s definitely an overstepping of teaching ethics,” she said.

Ms Tziolas said she never discussed sex with her students. She told The Weekend Australian that Cleo paid $200 for the interview, but the couple had not done it for the money. “We chose to speak out about something that is very dear to us.”

Ms Tziolas said her union, the Teachers Federation, would mount a wrongful dismissal case.

A spokesman for NSW Education Minister John Della Bosca did not return calls.

Hannah Montana


Hannah Montana star Miley Cyrus has issued an apology to her fans after posing for a racy photo shoot, dressed only in sheets, for a magazine
The 15-year-old actress was photographed by acclaimed photographer Annie Leibovitz wearing just a blanket for Vanity Fair magazine.

Miley admits she now regrets the shots, which were intended to be “artistic”.

She said: “I took part in a photo shoot that was supposed to be ‘artistic’ and now, seeing the photographs and reading the story, I feel so embarrassed. I never intended for any of this to happen and I apologise to my fans who I care so deeply about.”

The Disney Channel, who broadcast Hannah Montana, have also criticised the magazine, saying: “Unfortunately, as the article suggests, a situation was created to deliberately manipulate a 15-year-old in order to sell magazines.”

A spokesperson for Vanity Fair has defended the publication, saying:

“Miley’s parents and minders were on the set all day. Since the photo was taken digitally, they saw it on the shoot and everyone thought it was a beautiful and natural portrait of Miley.”

The article accompanying the pictures quoted Miley as saying the pictures are “really artsy. It wasn’t done in a skanky way.”

The controversial shoot is due to hit newsstands next week.

If you walk past the newsstand today, you may have trouble differentiating between today’s Post and Daily News. Both have completely different stories on page one, but the black backgrounds and giant white banner heads give both papers a touch of the tabloid generic. But while the News is touting its exclusive on Roger Clemens’s alleged 10-year affair with singer Mindy McCready, the Post examines “MILEY’S SHAME,” touting a “photo exclusive” of the Hannah Montana star.

Now, this is pretty much a non-story. It’s the publicity equivalent of doing something stupid at a high-school party and walking down the halls on Monday morning. Cyrus posed for Vanity Fair photographer Annie Liebovitz. The 15-year-old pop singer is shown nearly nude, with a blanket covering her up. Apparently this does not jibe with Cyrus’s wholesome Montana image, so now the Disney publicity machine is going full force. According to the Post, which reports that she admitted in the upcoming Vanity Fair article “that the picture is ‘really artsy,’ but not ‘in a skanky way,’” Cyrus now has backpedaled, releasing the statement:

“I took part in a photo shoot that was supposed to be ‘artistic,’ and now, seeing the photographs and the story, I feel so embarrassed…I never intended for any of this to happen, and I apologize to my fans, who I care so deeply about.”

Really, is this nearly as “bad” as that 1999 Britney Spears Rolling Stone cover? The whole thing just smells of “image finetuning” and false outrage to sell magazines. Vanity Fair was already going to get many of the preteen girls who adore Hannah Montana to buy the issue, even if it does have RFK on the cover, but now the “I have no business finding this girl attractive” contingent’s curiosity is piqued as well. This is a win-win for everyone: Cyrus gets to appear somewhat “edgy,” yet apologetic, Vanity Fair sells a few more issues to people way outside their demographic, and the tabloids have a quick-and-dirty story for page one (or, in the case of the News, page 3).

The subtext here is that Cyrus is beginning her way down the path of broken teenage Lolitas. There is the hand-wringing that l’il Miley may end up the next Paris Hilton or Lindsay Lohan, or, even worse, like 2008-era Rolling Stone cover-girl Britney Spears. Expect a few more columns in the papers about this “controversy” in the next week.
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comments

leave miley alone if she wants to pose like that then let her she isnt your problem i am a huge fan of hers and i think i speak for her when i say lay the fuck off her back.

Posted by: ashley at April 28, 2008 11:49 AM

Well I Dont Agree,thats millions of young kids idols, and they will want to do whatever she wants to do, i mean she has everything she wants, and she also has fans if your a celebrity and idol to kids you would not do that, she is very silly girl and should watch her self more i mean shes so famous now anything can get her in the slightests off trouble.

Posted by: at April 28, 2008 12:51 PM

This is totally stupid that everyone is making such a big deal about it. I don’t think that they should have ever even put those pictures out. And plus it’s not like she pulled a Vanessa Hudgkens and went totally nude. But look at the bright side it boosted her career so maybe it will do the same for Miley. She seems like a good girl and I don’t think this is anything serious. Just something the media wants to blow out of proportion.

Posted by: Kenny at April 28, 2008 1:01 PM

Wow, this is rediculious people need to mind there own buisness

Posted by: Rina at April 28, 2008 1:10 PM

The more people make a fuss over this the more the children will see. I mean how many 8 year olds actually pick up a Vanity Fair? If the media and parents don’t mention it. It will fade away. And the kids will never know.

Posted by: Shelley at April 28, 2008 1:12 PM

i think you should just leave her alone!! They are going spastic on her!! i heard about on the radio and on the news within 15 mins. if they would just leave her alone nobody would of known about it!!! unless you would of got the magazine!! but like she said what 8 year old would go out and buy a vanity fair mag. NO OFFENSE!! her fans would still watch her show. she is just being herself and they are very interesting pictures!

Posted by: Audrey at April 28, 2008 1:48 PM

I think you should just let her do what she wants without having everyone know about it. She said she made a mistake now leave her alone about it!!! If she has little kid fans and they don’t need to look at this picture then don’t post it where everyone can see it! Her parents know what she’s doing and nobody else needs to!!!!!!!!!!!!

Posted by: Allison at April 28, 2008 1:49 PM

i think it is pretty bad that little 8 year olds look up to her and then these pictures come out of her wearing not much. But i also think that if those are the pictures she wants to take then let her. i think that those pictures really werent meant to be looked at as in “bad” altho that is how it kinda turned out to be. yes she does looked skanky but w/e! she seems to be a good kid so she will prolly learn from this…media thrives for things like this! they will make little issues into huge ones! so ya! peace out!

Posted by: Danielle at April 28, 2008 1:51 PM

people are making a deal about this.I as MR. Yang Chong think she just made a mistake and they shouldleave her alone.

MR.Yang Chong out.

Posted by: MR.Yang Chong at April 28, 2008 1:54 PM

It is a true shame that such a young girl lke miley will be posing like that. She is supposed to be a role model for little kids. My little cousin loves Miley so it is wrong that she’ll be posing like that. If she keeps acting like she is, she’s going to end up just like BRITNEY SPEARS!!

Posted by: ashley at April 28, 2008 1:56 PM

What I find more outrageous than Miley’s picture is the poor spelling in your posts.

Posted by: Sharon at April 28, 2008 1:58 PM

Another Disney youth headed down the whore path.

Really…this WILL happen unless Billy Ray steps in.

The fact that Jamie Lynn is still on TV proves that Disney cares more about cash than people. Period.

Posted by: moronhunter at April 28, 2008 2:05 PM

I agree and disagree. It is not her own business if she wants to pose like this; she is only 15 so that makes it her parent’s business. Kids are going to do anything and everything they can get away with ~ so adult supervision is the key factor here. If her parents were indeed present for the photo shoot and had no problem with the photos, then everyone just needs to hush about it and she needs not apoligize for something her parents allowed her to do. If her parents made a poor decision, then the parents should apoligize to Disney… But how many fathers out there would let their 15 year old daughter pose in this manner to begin with, famous or not? I agree that the media needs to just leave this alone and let them be.

Posted by: scott at April 28, 2008 2:13 PM

I love all the little tweens commenting here with bad spelling and grammar. Clearly the 8 year olds may be unaware of the controversy, but I wouldn’t really want my 12-15 year old turning into a skank either, and clearly there’s quite a few 12-15 year olds that have read and commented on this. Let her do what she wants? Yeah, that’s all fun and games until someone gets hurt or pregnant isn’t it? Brace yourselves for a wave of 10 year olds posing in bras on myspace (ew).

Posted by: Kelly at April 28, 2008 2:16 PM

Well i can see Both Sides Of The Story.. At The End Of The Day Its Her Life & You Wouldn’t Be Complaining If You Were Being Paid What She Gets…. But Also You Have Got To Look At The Other Side Of Things…. Her Fans Are Going To See These Photos And Will Think This Is Ok …

Posted by: Nicole at April 28, 2008 2:26 PM

She’s slowly being corrupted–it’s enivitable given the state of the film and music industries. It won’t be long before she cuts ties with Disney and goes out on her own and becomes a slut/whore–even Billy Ray can’t stop this–in fact in my mind he’s not the great parent that he thinks he is–he tries to hard to be her best friend–not her father–a pattern for failure–and where is her mother?? Every girl needs a mother. Yes, clean Miley was nice while it lasted but it is quickly becoming a thing of the past.

Posted by: at April 28, 2008 2:43 PM

Give me a break. All you people saying she’s turning into a whore, another Spears, etc. etc. etc. She is famous yes, and yea she’s a role model, but she is still a teenager exploring parts of her life any normal teen would. Is that wrong? Any parent saying they don’t want their child looking up to her needs a reality check, she is no worse of a role model than most parents, letting their kids look up to a famous person, and knowing that image and sex sells. Regardless of her photos, some way or another kids are getting the wrong messages due to the male society, so don’t be so hard on Miley. People need to remember its not like this was her idea and hers alone, the photographer and magazine publisher are the ones who should be ashamed putting a 16 year old girl on the cover of their magazine.

Posted by: Erin at April 28, 2008 2:46 PM

It is her freedom to do whatever, it is her career, her body, her choice…
HOWVER, That being said, she is a public image for little kids. I certainly do not want my daughter to think it is OK to pose like that in front of the world.

At the same time, keep in mind that Disney is a business to create fantasy. I would not be surprised that she will be “punished” by disney soon.

Posted by: at April 28, 2008 3:01 PM

I think everyone involved knows that Miley has about one more year of Hannah Montana left before she grows too old to be credible in that role. So like all of her predecessors, she is beginning to move her image to be more marketable to the MTV crowd. Disney surely has a lot of experience with this - it has happened to all of their young female stars when they hit high school age. Wasn’t Annette Funicello chastised for wearing a bikini in one of her bikini movies?

Posted by: Al at April 28, 2008 3:12 PM

I don’t understand where people get the idea that this is a pornographic picture. That was not the intent of this photo shoot and for those of you who are offended by this photograph, you are clearly being ignorant to the fact that this is NOT PORNOGRAPHY. Miley is BEAUTIFUL, and I don’t think she should have had apologized for other people’s lack of appreciation of her beauty and Annie’s skill in capturing her pure beauty.
If she was wearing a dress that showed just as much skin as this photo would people still be offended?

Posted by: Elizabeth at April 28, 2008 3:13 PM

I blame ALL of the adults involved in this project which completely exploits a young, under-age girl - no matter who she is. I don’t care if her parents, grandparents, dog, and pet fish were at the photo shoot… the image portrayed on the the magazine cover is that of an underage girl looking very provocative and unclothed. It could have been an artistic photo with her clothes appearing to be ON rather than OFF. The word ‘artistic’ is a cover word for what it was really all about - which was sellling magazines. We have enough problems in this world with child porn and sexual abuse of minors. This was so irresponsible of every adult involved I can scarely believe it. Virutally no 15 yr old girl cuddles with their father like that, in provocative poses. Give me a break.

Posted by: at April 28, 2008 3:23 PM

that suck \

Posted by: at April 28, 2008 3:24 PM

Wtf is wrong with the world these days? Who are you to be fucking mean and expose every little bad thing about celeb’s. How bout you guys do something bad and see how it feels to be talked about by poperrazi. Miley Cyrus is fucking awsome and as she said she was only doing a photo shooot cause she thought it was spsed to be artistic!! MILEY ALL YOUR FANS ARE HERE FOR YOU GIRL!! “I took part in a photo shoot that was supposed to be ‘artistic,’ and now, seeing the photographs and the story, I feel so embarrassed…I never intended for any of this to happen, and I apologize to my fans, who I care so deeply about.” SEE SHE DIDN’T WANT THIS TO HAPPEN EVEN WHEN THAT STU[PID RUMOR ABOUT HER BEING PREGO SHE WASN’T SO GET A LIFE AND LEAVE HER AND OTHER CELBS ALONE!

Posted by: Tasha at April 28, 2008 3:25 PM

they should just leave her alone!

Posted by: Kelly at April 28, 2008 3:31 PM

Normal teens do that. um her song. nobodys perfect…everybody makes mistakes. thats one mistake she made and she appologized yet ur attacking her still.

Posted by: - at April 28, 2008 3:33 PM

She’s still a better role model than Jamie Lynn Spears.

Posted by: Whiskey Tango at April 28, 2008 3:38 PM

I HAVE TO ADMIT I WAS SHOCKED AND I HAVE
A 12 YEAR OLD THAT WANTS TO BE LIKE HER
SO WHEN SHE HEARD ABOUT HER NUDE PICTURES
WHAT DO YOU THINK I SAID TO HER. SHE IS
NOT GOING TO BE LIKE YOU MILEY CYRUS.
I DO NOT WANT MY CHILD TO SHOW ANY NUDENESS UNTIL SHE GETS MARRIED SO BE IT.
I BELIEVE MILEY YOU ARE SORRY SINCERELY
BUT I ALSO BELIEVE YOU ARE TRYING TO BE
LIKE OTHERS NOW AND NOT WHO YOU ARE/ YOU LIFE MUST HAVE GOTTEN BORING SOMEWHERE ALONG THE WAY/ I WAS HOPING THAT YOU WERE THE ONE THAT WOULD SAY I AM NOT GOING IN THAT DIRECTION OF BEING OPEN
WITH EVERYTHING I HAVE TO SHOW OTHERS
THAT YOU HAVE A BACKBONE AND BELIEVE THAT
YOU WOULD BE A PICTURE OF PURENESS.
I AM BELIEVING IN YOU THAT YOU CAN CHANGE
AND NEVER DO THIS AGAIN. HOW IS YOUR DAD
DOING IN THIS MATTER. I WOULD LOVE TO HEAR HIS STORY.
MILEY YOU ARE WHO YOU ARE BUT I KNOW YOU
CAN OVERCOME TEMPTATIONS LIKE THIS SO PLEASE DO A GOOD CHECKUP BEFORE YOU START
THINKING I WANT TO BE IN THE LIME LIGHT OF HOLLYWOOD YOU WERE ALREADY THERE AND
WHAT A GIRL YOU ARE / YOU ARE NOT 16 AND
I JUST WANTED TO BELIEVE IN YOU THAT SOMETHING GOOD WILL FOLLOW YOU FROM THIS
SO TIE A KNOT AND HOLD ON I AM BELIEVING THE BEST IS YET TO COME YOUR WAY OK
GOD BLESS YOU MY CHILD AND I WILL PRAY FOR YOU AND YOUR DAD ALSO THAT YOU WILL BE STRONGER THAN BEFORE AND DO NOT GET ON THE WIDE ROAD STAY ON THE LITTLE ROAD OK. PLEASE

Posted by: ROSE at April 28, 2008 3:54 PM

This is not just a photo of her in a backless dress on the red carpet. She is physically covering her breasts and posing provocativly. She is not allowed to date but hey sex sells. So NOT appropriate. At 15 yrs old it is still the PARENTS that make the decisions.

Posted by: Carrie at April 28, 2008 4:06 PM

UMGZ!!! LEVVV MILIE ALOOON!!!!!

U ppls hav know idia wut she is i luff her so leev hre aloon. she sayz shes sorry so just levvv her allllooon, lyk it sez in her song nobodz perfict so she make mistake umg jus lev her alun.

i lufff U milie!!!!

Posted by: ican’tspellworthadamn at April 28, 2008 4:13 PM

I think she is a beautiful girl who intended to do exactly what she said. Take an artistic shot. Her family was purportedly “right there”. If they didn’t have a problem with it, don’t blame HER. Blame them. She’s only 15. It’s not like she actually runs her career. but at the same time, i don’t think the picture is that bad. its lovely. it’s not sexual. it’s meant to be soft, real, and a representation of who Miley is as a person.

Posted by: jeffe at April 28, 2008 4:26 PM

Okay.
i hate her with a passion omg.!
She’s saposed to be a role model for LITTLE kids, and shes off posing nude!
Wrong.
She is a pole dancer when it comes to performing, She dances and molests the mic stand

Posted by: ariel at April 28, 2008 4:36 PM

She is a pretty girl with a amazing smile. Miley is a person, a girl WHO IS ONLY 15 YEARS OLD, GIVE HER A BREAK. if this wonderfull lady was NOT FAMOUS NO ONE WOULD CARE. So why should you care now? Because she is famous is NOT a reason. What is yours.

Posted by: Ann at April 28, 2008 4:50 PM

This hole thing has been taken way to far…She is a young girl that is trying new things?!?! I am 14 years old and she has done nothing wrong,because we all get naked and we all take pictures of our self with clothes on and off.I think that it is her and her parents that control that. I think that we schould leave her alone. She is not going to be the next brittany. The same with Brittany if we would leave them alone they would not do this. LEAVE MILEY ALONE!!!!

Posted by: Jaclyn at April 28, 2008 4:52 PM

This hole thing has been taken way to far…She is a young girl that is trying new things?!?! I am 14 years old and she has done nothing wrong,because we all get naked and we all take pictures of our self with clothes on and off.I think that it is her and her parents that control that. I think that we schould leave her alone. She is not going to be the next brittany. The same with Brittany if we would leave them alone they would not do this. LEAVE MILEY ALONE!!!!

Posted by: Jaclyn at April 28, 2008 4:52 PM

ANN I AGREE WITH YOU 110% THANK YOU SO MUCH:)

Posted by: Jaclyn at April 28, 2008 4:54 PM

I was impressed with Miley and Billy Ray, but I’ve been dissapointed before. Sex sells. Money corrupts. Hopefully she and her father will learn a lesson from this and she won’t follow the path of several other Disney stars like Lohan and Speers into drugs and the gutter.

Guess it sort of depends on Miley. Does she want money or does she want to be a leader and positive role model for young poeple?

Posted by: dissapointed at April 28, 2008 4:54 PM

Miley Cyrus is a young woman transitioning into a woman. This is a commonplace thing looking back at young female entertainers in the likes of Ms. Sheilds and Ms Foster who dealt with this same issue. Let’s stop this media driven escapade now and let Miley Cyrus grow up the way she wants. Annie Leibovitz is one of the top photographers in the world and is not into being a porn photographer. Edgy, yes, showing who the person IS,is what Annie Leibovitz is all about. Let’s stop this crap now and tell the media, GROW UP! Stop being BUTT HEADS!

The rest they say does not matter.

Posted by: Brad at April 28, 2008 5:30 PM

The picture is beautiful.
In no way should she be embarrassed about it.
She’s not completely nude, she isn’t posing suggestively, leave her alone.

Posted by: brooke at April 28, 2008 5:39 PM

OMG. Let me be the first to say, Miley is not the sluttiest, skankiest star, yet. I think she is starting to follow the infamity of her BFFL Vanessa Ann Hudgens. She sent allof those nude pics. to Drake Bell and Zac Efron. She has very bad influences in her life. For gods sake, she is friends with Lindsey Lohan. That is like the bestest role model ever!!

Posted by: Meg at April 28, 2008 5:43 PM

who gives a shit

Posted by: at April 28, 2008 5:44 PM

This day and age it’s all different,
girls these days don’t care what they do to them selves it’s sad. and look maybe she did do this but who cares…. like seriously… if there was some other 15 year old girl out there showing herself everyone wouldnt care… but since its miley wowowowowowowow omgggg thats terrible…

Posted by: Tyler at April 28, 2008 5:47 PM

you guys are friggin stupid! that is illegal!!!!!!! a 15 year old cannot take those kind of pictures for money!!!!!!!

Posted by: Cody at April 28, 2008 5:52 PM

I think it was a dumb idea many people look up to her as a role modle and as a good person i watched every show and she seened really goog i have pictures and to see something like thins is just wrong. Its pretty bad that kids 8,5,6,7,4,12,13,and 14 year’s like her she’s the best i saw her on my t.v on the news and i made me really mad beacuse many of us thought of her as a friend many of us saw her in person or in consert. I listend to the people on the news mant of them were saying it wasn’t that bad. As she plays hannah montana and miley cyrus i cant belive she would of even done that. I can belive that she’s sorry and that she’s not really like that. If her parents were there why ? did they let her down ? letting a role modle doing this to amersse herself in public but its ashame that even with her parents why would she do that ? her mom dad and grandma were there watching her she could take the pictures but why would she want them on the internet as she putts her pictures on the computer she should think before post’s i just can’t belive that i have her pictures on my wall adn on my myspace i have her as my friend and think of her as a friend and more but i feel bad for miss miley and hope she dosen’t turn into Brittany spears. Good luck for now but take the pictures off the computer and make your role modles feel better in trusting you.

Posted by: harley at April 28, 2008 5:58 PM

BUT WHAT ABOUT THE CHILDREN!!!! WHO WILL PROTECT THE CHILDREN!!!! WE MUST PROTECT THE CHILDREN FROM THE EVIL PHOTOGRAPHS!!!! I THINK WE NEED NEW LEGISLATION BARRING PHOTOGRAPHY AND ANY SORT OF HUMAN THOUGHT!!!! WE MUST USE ALL OUR POWER TO PROTECT THE CHILDREN!!!!

Seriously, I’ve seen pictures of Ms Cyrus in evening gowns that showed more nudity. I’m sick of this culture, perpetually foisted on the rest of the world, courtesy of the United States, which absolutely frowns upon viewing the human body as anything other than a filthy tool for procreation. 15 year olds were having children and married 50 years ago. Now? They can’t even show their tits. Get over yourself America.

Posted by: Nomen Nescio at April 28, 2008 6:08 PM

EVERYONE! You have to look at it from both points of view. On her hand teenage girls take these pictures on a daily basis. On most parents point of view, it is degrading. She is at fault i do admit to it. But maybe she is just lonely. She probably doesn’t want a boyfriend because who can be sure. Who can be sure that they truely love her or her fame? So to sum it up parents don’t let your kids look at the photos, she is so embarrased I doubt she will do this again. Miley just be more careful next time because you don’t know how much you disappointed us. But all and all I’m sure you’ll be forgiven.

Supernun-Ninja

Posted by: Supernun-Ninja at April 28, 2008 6:17 PM

omg i cant belive this!!!

Posted by: Mary at April 28, 2008 6:25 PM

AS A MOTHER AND A GRANDMOTHER OF A MILEY CYRUS FAN I FEEL THAT THE PICTURE IS NOT A DEGRADING PHOTO AND ITS NOMORE THEN HER KISSING A BOY ON HER SHOW OR COMING OUT WITH A BATH TOWEL WRAPPED AROUND HER. SHE WAS ONLY SHOWING HER BACK NOTHING MORE. FOR A PARENT OR ANYONE TO SUGGEST THAT IT WAS ANYMORE THAN IT REALLY WAS HAVE NEGATIVITY ON THEIR MINDS.

Posted by: mariah at April 28, 2008 7:10 PM

Do I think that this is a nude picture? I don’t think so. I do think that the picture of her and her father together should not have been taken. I would assume, and I hope so for her sake they are taking care of her guidence in a business that can be very hard, especially at her age.

Posted by: Mrariz at April 28, 2008 7:18 PM

LISTEN HERE!!!!!MILEY CYRUS U SHOULDNT APOLOGIZE FOR ANYTHING BECAUSE U DIDNT DO ANYTHING WRONG OR {NUDE} AS THE CRITICS ARE SAYING.THEY SHOW MORE THAN THAT ON THE RED CARPET. SO MILEY KEEP ON TAKING PICS AND AS LONG AS THEY ARE NOT SHOWING YOUR PRIVATE AREAS YOU ARE OKAY AND I WIL STAY SUPPORTING YOU!!!!!!F!#% THE CRITICS AND WHAT THEY SAY……………..WE LOVE YOU MILEY!!!!!!!!!!!!! KEEP MAKING MORE HANNAH MONTANA SHOWS AND WE WILL SUPPORT YOU ALL DAY EVERY DAY!!!!!

Posted by: TONE-TONE OF SPACESHIP at April 28, 2008 7:26 PM

Shame on you! Shame on Vanity Fair and Annie Leibovitz. Shame on her parents for not protecting her from predators like the three of you. Reporting on this photograph is understandable, but you just made things worse by publishing it again. I guess you would sell out your 15 year-old to sell your rag.

Posted by: Carol Sikes at April 28, 2008 7:48 PM

I don’t think it’s that bad like give her a break.She appaligized and that’s all she can do she tried plus she cares about her fans.I mean I met her she’s such a nice kid after all she had a blanket over herself.she’s not like Vanessa Hudgens have you seen her she was completly nude.She cares about herself and her fans.

Posted by: Ashlee Guacci at April 28, 2008 7:55 PM

EVERYONE !! IS SAYING ” WHAT ABOUT THE KIDS” WHAT ABOUT THEM THE KIDS ONLY KNOW WHAT THE PARENTS SAY TO THEM. MILEY DOES NOT NEED TO APOLOGIZE!! SHE DID NOT DO ANYTHING WRONG APOLOGIES IS FOR THOSE THAT HAVE NEGATIVE MIND I THINK THE RED CARPET SHOW MORE THAN WHAT SHE SHOWED I THINK YOUR PHOTO ROCKS!!!!!!

Posted by: MARIAH at April 28, 2008 8:11 PM

you guys are freaks…

Posted by: at April 28, 2008 8:16 PM

I’m not exactly Miley’s biggest fan, but I don’t have a problem with her photos. I hate how some famous people act like complete whores, but there’s nothing sleazy about her photo and i do think it’s pretty artsy. I really don’t think Miley should act like a whore because of her young fans, but she does have a right to express herself. Besides, it was only showing her back anyways, and it’s not like she’s showing anything really bad. The point it, LEAVE HER ALONE PAPARAZZI!!!!

I do think that she’s doing a pretty good job not following the path of people like Jamie Lynn Spears and Vanessa Ann Hudgens, and that her parents are doing a pretty good job raising her for a kid star.

Posted by: phoenixfyre6967 at April 28, 2008 8:23 PM

First, if this is the role model of your kids, then your kids need new role models. A pop star is NOT going to a model for your children!!

Miley is a typical teenage girl. If she were just another 15 year old somewhere she’d be posting skanky suggestive photos on myspace or something just like the rest of them. Why is everyone so damn shocked?

On a final note, she should be embarrassed. She is cute at best, and there is nothing sexy about any of these photos of her.

Posted by: briseis23 at April 28, 2008 8:34 PM

I don’t think the pictures were that provocative. I do understand why she shouldn’t have done them because she is only 15 years old and she is millions of little girls’ idol. If she was older and wasn’t on Disney Channel then the pictures would be fine. I just don’t understand why everybody has to take their clothes off to pose for a picture. Next thing you know, everyone on Myspace and Facebook will be half naked!

Posted by: P.J. at April 28, 2008 8:39 PM

God, I hate her

Posted by: bleh at April 28, 2008 8:57 PM

Ugh, I despise everything Hanna Montana related, but Jesus CHRIST! That cover isn’t really a big deal, she is only showing her back, Whoopedy-Friggen-Doo oh no, not a BACK! SPARE THE CHILDREN, O their innocent eyes cannot handle the sight of a bear back! God I hate these dumb conservative mindsets. Look she’s fifteen years old, by that age I was looking at all sorts of dirty things. the girl isn’t always going to be a child’s idol let her grow up.
that said, I bid you adieu!

Posted by: Opinionist at April 28, 2008 9:20 PM

what the fuck is everyones fucking proublem she us 15!!! Give her a brake realy she is still new to the pop star thing!!!!

Posted by: zach at April 28, 2008 10:00 PM

I do not see any moral difference between the parents of the FLDS children and the guardians of Miley Cyrus. They all want their daughters impregnated during childhood. And then have some older men like Bill Clinton masturbate over their ‘nude’ photos so they would become ‘famous’. No wonder our kids are so poor in math and science but experts in guns and sex.

Posted by: Simon, Morgantown at April 28, 2008 10:12 PM

interresting.
so if a child wears a bikini that shows off way more then that photo is it is exceptable ? but that photo of miley is not exceptable?
what is is wrong with the world today that they chose what is exceptable and what is not?
kids under 10 are wearing bikinis *shudders* and the stores sell that stuff and say it is exceptable. and all the kids what that.. but then I see a 15 not so revealing in a very reputable magazine and then hear this is not exceptable? come one peoples get real! I say take away the bikinis from the kids to me THAT is not exceptable.. todays society is taking away so much freedome for the artists.. if the parents said it was in good taste. also keep in mind. they would of had to go to disney too to do anything outside of disney. remember miley has a contract with disney.so if she did not go to disney for this shoot. then she is in breech of contract.. so this being said. disney OBVIOUSLY gave the ok to this shoot.. if disney suddenly goes against miley then I so hope her parents sui thar arses off because THEY allowed this shoot to go.
that shoot is art. it was not intended to be in bad taste.. the media is just trying to make something out of nothing. and so are alot of you here.
I will let my daughter still watch her my daughter is 9.. my daughter looks up to miley. as do alot of her friends . but none of them see that as a bad thing for miley they all think it is cool she is brave enough to do that shoot..
over the years there have been several kid stars who have shown more then those in that photo shoot. so why has the media suddnely chose to pic on certain peoples? miley is not a bad person.. so leave her alone.
and again
keep in mind. if disney did not endorse this photo shoot.. then miley would be in breach of contract.. if disney endorsed this shoot. then you should all go after disney.
miley did not do wrong. there are others who have done far worse then her, but I dont see the assasination to them as harshly.. kids are kids teens are teens. face it. get over it live with it.
thank you
~Enigma~

Posted by: Enigma1966 at April 29, 2008 12:27 AM

If this girl is your kids idol, then you failed as parent. Idols should be influential figures in society, not these “hot now but not tomorrow” child stars. To the public; Leave her alone! before you turn her into another drug addicted alcohol abusing child star. Miley, do your thing and be a young girl, have fun and make mistakes. Don’t listen to all these people who claim to be saints. You know you have a good heart and you mean well with just about everything you do.

Laterz,

TM

Posted by: T$ at April 29, 2008 1:55 AM

There is nothing wrong with nudity. It is natural.
This isn’t a big deal. She is beautiful and it is artistic and in no way is she being a slut.

Posted by: salandra at April 29, 2008 3:28 AM

Geeez, So her hair is done up and her back is showing. Who cares?! It’s tamer than most prom dresses! Girls do their hair and get backless dresses for school dances. She’s not wearing lingerie and singing about getting laid or anything.

And what’s the big deal about artistic nudity? Naked baby pics are considered artistic. So what age do they become too old yet too young to be seen with bare skin? Give me an age range so I know when to be offended. Do you even know?? 8-18? 12-21? Please let me know so I can more accurately judge who’s a whore and who’s not.

As for old perverts, sorry. but clothes or no clothes, you’re not gonna stop them from masturbating. Try thinking logically. You’re just gonna mess her up more with your hasty criticism.

Posted by: at April 29, 2008 3:42 AM

Bad for Myley
Worse for her handlers managemnt agents record an tv companies.

Good for all those perverts like Bill O’Reilly checking it out.

Go to the beach if you want to see young girls in bikinis

Posted by: Brad at April 29, 2008 9:40 AM

Don’t. blame the famous. We like fake performers with phony personalities, like Miley Cyrus,or HM. Just look at Spears,then all those televangalists, recent presidents, congressmen and Senators oh yeah and political candidates too. Don’t be surprised if everyone is packaged to sell and a few break the mold. I blame the stupid people, who think famous people are real people.

Posted by: Joe at April 29, 2008 10:39 AM

omg i hate her so much! so yay now its even more obvious how slutty she really is and they are not attacking an innocent girl shes old enough to know what shes doing so its her fault!

Posted by: at April 29, 2008 4:19 PM

Theres not much to say, cept that if this wasn’t blown out of proportion, no one would have known, unless you actually read vanity fair, If iv’e said this once Iv’e said it a million times, WHY THE FUCK DO PEOPLE REALLY CARE ABOUT SOMEONE ELSES LIFE!!!, I mean I’m not defending her, I just think that if you look at it properly, her father is the one who should be punished, NOT miley herself,

Just to make things clear, I HATE HER MUSIC!!!!!

Posted by: Windsoul at April 29, 2008 4:22 PM

this is not a great picture of u Miley. this is inaproet for us fans. i hate this nude picture of u Miley

Posted by: Maria at April 29, 2008 5:36 PM

I agree with Rose. I’m a 12 year old my self. Miley, if you want to be truely sorry. you better be praying your little heart out to your God, who you thanked at Nikcs 2008 teen choice awards, that put you in possision your in!! Come see how us at Wausa NE, feel about that Pic. I used to be a HUGE miley fan and now your are stuck with girls who think it is okay to go around stripping!! That’s all I’ve got to say on that subject.

Posted by: Anne at April 29, 2008 7:46 PM

You bloggers are a bunch of morons. More interesting articles appear in this column and you all sink your rotten, brown teeth into the celebrity sh*t time and time again!!! How often do you think Miley Cyrus sits around wondering if you pick your ass before cooking a meal?!?! GET A LIFE!!!!!!

Posted by: BitchyBetty at April 29, 2008 7:49 PM

First off, I would like to say that the media is blowing this out of proportion BUT, this was a very wrong thing for Miley Cyrus to do. I have never really liked Miley Cyrus, but I always thought that she had some sense of what is right and what is wrong. She knows that her fans are kids from ages 5-15, so I do not understand why she would think that posing like this would be okay, even if she didn’t realize what the outcome would be like. I mean seriously, if you don’t have a shirt on, it’s not appropriate. I was watching a news story on this, and I may have heard wrong, but I believe that her dad left before this picture was taken, so I would like to know what he thinks about this picture. Honestly Miley, little kids are looking up to you and they are going to do whatever you do, so stop acting irresponsible and learn to be more mature than that.

Posted by: at April 29, 2008 8:16 PM

I think she looks great!
more power to her

Posted by: Rella at April 30, 2008 12:39 PM

omg!! just leave her alone!!

Posted by: Miranda Gomezz at April 30, 2008 5:35 PM

in response to Kelly at April 28, 2008 2:16 PM, i live in nyc, there are already 12-15yr olds posing in bras on myspace, you should see my niece’s friends list. to put the icing on the cake, the HS in which i work, there are tons of ‘babies, having babies’ i choke it up to bad parenting; and if you saw how young and uneducated their parents are, you would understand where they got it from.

Posted by: Daniel at April 30, 2008 9:43 PM

In my opnion its stupid that people should say its wrong what she did. ITS HER LIFE!!! Who are you to tell her how to live it. If you don’t like the way she does things than don’t watch the show. Would you like it if someone told you how to live you life? I don’t care if kids idolize her, shes a person, and its stupid that people make people into celebrities. PEOPLE ARE PEOPLE. Her life is no more important than your own.

Posted by: MilesApart at May 1, 2008 12:43 PM

I THINK ITS ALL A LIE!!!!!!!!!!!!
JUST LEAVE HER ALONE ITS NOT UR BIZ!!!!!!

Posted by: catz at May 1, 2008 7:38 PM

Well i think this hole crap is a lie. dont do the same thing your doing to Brittney Spears, Jamie Lynn Spears, and Vanessa Anne Hudgens. Miley is a good kid. GOODBYE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Posted by: B.C. at May 1, 2008 7:42 PM

wat did she eva do to u ppl its her life and biz not ur ppls!!

Posted by: cheese at May 1, 2008 7:51 PM

Who gives a crap, it’s not like she was making a sex tape or making nude photos. 15 year olds do that kind of crap every day yet you don’t hear anything about them do you?

Posted by: at May 1, 2008 10:43 PM

leave her alone she can do whatever freakin pose she wants so just get off her freakin back i love her she doesnt have to say sorry if you love her you will get off her freakin back i mean shes 15 leave her alone
I LOVE HANNAH MONTAN/MILEY CYRUS

Posted by: stephanie at May 2, 2008 5:21 PM

ok everyone should just shut the fuck up i mean she is 15 and if this is what is want do do then let her!!!!!!

Posted by: at May 2, 2008 6:30 PM

ohemgee! give her a break. there is a blanket covering her. that is as bad as she gets. she is not like vannessa ane hudgens. she is way better. at least shes not showing off any private things. lay off her. how would you feel if you read tabloloids barely real? i bet you she feels horrible. you just need to give her a break

Posted by: kaci at May 2, 2008 9:08 PM

ohemgee! give her a break. there is a blanket covering her. that is as bad as she gets. she is not like vannessa ane hudgens. she is way better. at least shes not showing off any private things. lay off her. how would you feel if you read tabloloids barely real? i bet you she feels horrible. you just need to give her a break

Posted by: kaci at May 2, 2008 9:08 PM

Ok, first off, yeah she shouldnt of done it so what? I mean i havent even heard of vanity fair and im sure little kids dont go readin it!! At least shes not pregnant or takin nude nude pics, i mean the pic didnt even really show anything but her back, you little critics out there need to shut your big mouths and leave her alone cuz she has a good career going for her and im sure her dad wont let her do anything crazy, this little picture will soon be forgotten and no one will care, i mean shes probably fretting over this whole thing so get over it.

Posted by: kay at May 3, 2008 8:27 AM

You guys, it’s ok. She just was having a little fun. I really hope Disney realizes that nobody’s perfect and doesn’t replace her with Selena Gomez. I like Selena, too, though. Why is everyone making this such a big deal? It’s like wearing a dress that shows your back! IT DOESN’T MATTER! She’s not nude and she feels sorry for it, so just shush, please!

Posted by: Ali at May 3, 2008 7:52 PM

I think everyone should just leave miley cyrus alone its not her fault.its her parents fault they were stand right there watching her and they let her do that. they are such earsposible parents.

Posted by: morgan at May 3, 2008 9:01 PM

Everyone’s talking about leaving her alone to do her thing, let her make her own decisions and the like. Well what that sounds like to me is as if the media has taken control of all you losers. What the hell is wrong with Americans nowadays, what happened to the days of censorship and family morals? Ill say this here and I will say it forever, media outlets are the cornerstone of moral decay here in the USA and across the world. Just like black gold will bring the full decay of our beloved earth. Seems like no matter what, us humans are destined to destroy ourselves at some point in time. Either through nuclear war, unstoppable virulent diseases or the complete and unreversible destruction of our planet and the natural resources we depend upon.

I see dark days ahead…

Posted by: IndecentExposure at May 4, 2008 2:44 PM

it was just her back who gives a crap

Posted by: at May 5, 2008 12:00 AM

Let me just say I’m 14 and Iam a huge fan of hers,she is freakin showin her back! You should of been makin a big deal of vanessa ann hudgens she’s a real slut,but instead you go on pickin on an innocent 15 yr old girl. GET A FREAKIN LIFE! She is a GREAT rolemodel for any age……

Posted by: @l3x@ndra at May 5, 2008 1:53 AM

Pornography: Creative activity (writing or pictures or films etc.) of no literary or artistic value other than to stimulate sexual desire

I’d say that the picture falls into that category, so for those who say it’s not, it is.

If people really believe that people should just ‘leave her alone’, she shouldn’t be in the public eye.

Posted by: Jim Bob Jones at May 6, 2008 6:15 AM

moi je pense que miley ne devais pas faire ce quel a fais mais comme c’est deja fais les personne ne doivent pas critique parcque leur enfant peuvent faire plus mal que sa mais moi je la critique pas parcque sa pouvais etre moi aussi alore donne la une chance elle parait tres gentille fille moi je suis une fans mais sa nouvelle je trouve injustre

Posted by: at May 7, 2008 12:04 PM

she should have never done somthin like that my little 2 and 8 year old cousins are big fans but if this is what she is going to be doing i don’t even want them to get her stuff!!!!

PPM

The small aortic annulus and the small aortic root represent one of the most vexing problems to the cardiac surgeon.  There are studies in the literature which support the belief that the size of the prosthesis inserted to replace the aortic valve has little influence on survival [1,2].  This is simply not true in our experience and many others.  When patient prosthesis mismatch (PPM) is looked at specifically one finds that it is an extremely important variable that predicts morbidity and mortality.  In a recent study by Blais, et al, PPM had a significant impact on mortality [3].  The risk of death was increased 2.1 fold in patients with moderate mismatch and 11.4 fold in patients with severe PPM (Slide 1).  All patients who died with severe PPM died of cardiac causes, low cardiac output syndrome, or myocardial infarction. Severe PPM was particularly deleterious in patients with poor LV function.  The mortality in this group of patients was 77% (Slide 2).
Slide 1

Slide 2

The significance of these findings are particularly important to analyze.  Cardiac surgeons today are faced with an ever increasing sub-population of patients with multiple co-morbidities.  Many of these, such as poor LV function, an exhausting list of complex medical problems, and advanced age, are beyond our control.  On the other hand, severe PPM is something we do have control over.  A strategy which preoperatively addresses the potential for PPM postoperatively will have a significant benefit on mortality.
Slide 3

The postoperative indexed EOA can be predicted preoperatively.  An EOA for each of the prostheses can be obtained from the literature.  Examples are in Table 1 from Blais article (Slide 3).  The indexed EOA is obtained simply by dividing the EOA by the recipient patient’s body surface area. PPM should not be clinically significant if the indexed EOA postoperatively is greater than 0.85 cm. sq./meter sq.  PPM will be moderate between 0.65 and 0.85 cm. sq./meter sq. Mismatch will be severe if the indexed EOA postoperatively turns out to be less than 0.65 cm. sq./meter sq.
Slide 4

The small aortic valve is most commonly seen in patients of small body size and is often associated with congenital heart disease.  It is in patients who have severe aortic stenosis that the adult cardiac surgeon confronts this problem.  In this situation we are asked to exchange one small valve for another.  Generally speaking, in the adult population we rarely confront an inadequate left ventricular outflow tract except in the instance of asymmetrical septal hypertrophy of the left ventricle.  This problem is easily recognized on the preoperative echocardiogram.  Turbulent flow is seen around a bulging septum on sagital view of the left ventricular outflow tract beneath the aortic valve. Measurements of the septum are significantly abnormal on echocardiography.  The cure is simply to perform a septal myomectomy after the aortic valve is removed.  The septum is incised just beneath the aortic annulus from the junction of the right and left coronary cusps to a point beneath the right coronary orifice (Slide 4).  The incision in the muscle is 2-4 mm deep and is carried towards the apex of the heart until one reaches the level of the papillary muscles.  There is no real danger of injuring the mitral valve as long as one stays on the ventricular septum.  Staying in line or to the left of the right coronary ostium keeps one away from the conduction system.  Obviously, the extent of the septal myomectomy is dependent on the degree of asymmetrical septal hypertrophy.

The smaller size traditional mechanical and bioprosthetic valves are inherently stenotic.  Under the best of circumstances they leave many patients with residual mild to moderate aortic stenosis.  Slide 5 shows the effective orifice areas for the most commonly available mechanical and bioprosthetic aortic valves.  Slide 6 shows that much of the space that these valves occupy in the LVOT is unavailable to blood flow and the flow through these valves is turbulent in nature (Slide 7).
Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7

The tradition has been to handle the small aortic annulus with an aortic annular enlargement procedure and the small aortic root with an aortic patch of some sort.  There are two commonly performed aortic annular enlargement techniques.  The Mannougian operation is considered the most simple and therefore the most common one utilized [4].  It is performed by cutting through the aortic annulus at the juncture of the left and right coronary cusps (Slide 8, 9).  This procedure only allows upsizing the prosthesis by 2 mm.  Any larger size would require incising too much of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, resulting in serious malfunction.  Upsizing by more than 2 mm requires the prosthesis to be placed on an oblique angle.  This would result in more turbulent flow patterns and thus be just as obstructive as a size smaller prosthesis.  One valve size increase is often insufficient to completely prevent PPM.
Slide 8

Slide 9

Slide 10

A much larger prosthesis can be inserted in the aortic root if one utilizes the aorto-ventriculoplasty technique described by Konno [5].  This technique requires transecting the first septal perforator artery when the ventricular septum is divided towards the apex of the heart.  The incision in the septum is initiated at the commissural junction where the right and left cusps of the aortic valve meet (Slide 10).  While this maneuver is well tolerated in children, many adults will develop a significant decline in left ventricular performance when this artery is divided.  Therefore, this may be a poor alternative for the adult patient with a small aortic annulus.
Slide 11

Pibarot and Dumesnil have evaluated many prostheses for the presence of mismatch [6,7].  They have clearly shown that natural aortic valve replacement options fare distinctly more favorably in patients with small aortic annuluses (Slide 11). Importantly, they have demonstrated that these differences are more pronounced when the patients are exercised.  The pulmonary autograft fares the best, followed by the aortic homograft and the stentless heterograft.  Some of the differences in the natural valve group may be related to the implant technique employed.  Most homografts and autografts were implanted using a free-standing root replacement technique, while most stentless heterografts were implanted as a sub-coronary implant.  We have found the root replacement technique reliable and can be performed with similar morbidity and mortality rates as a valve replacement [8].  Technique involves mobilizing the coronary arteries on buttons of aortic wall and removing excess sinus aorta.  The proximal suture line is accomplished with 28-32 simple interrupted 3-0 braided polyester sutures.  Coronary buttons are reattached with 5-0 polypropylene continuous suture and aortic continuity is re-established with a continuous 5-0 polypropylene suture (Slide 12-16).
Slide 12 | Play video

Slide 13 | Play video

Slide 14 | Play video
Slide 15a | Play video
Slide 15b | Play video

Slide 16 | Play video

Slide 17 | Play video

The armamentarium of natural valve substitutes available to the cardiac surgeon today make the Manougian operation and the Konno operation in the adult patient, with a small aortic annulus, an antiquated procedure.  Use of these valve substitutes will give larger EOAs, lower postoperative gradients, and more hemodynamically efficient laminar flow patterns than will upsizing with an aortic annular enlarging procedure. The most hemodynamically efficient way to implant a natural valve (stentless heterograft, cryopreserved aortic allograft, or a pulmonary autograft) is to use a free standing total aortic root replacement.  A stentless heterograft should be selected one size larger than the size of the left ventricular outflow tract.  When this is done, all the blood flow from the left ventricle sees is aortic valve leaflets and thus there is no impedance to flow (Slide 17).

In summary, PPM can largely be avoided today with a good preoperative strategy.  Eliminating PPM postoperatively will improve postoperative morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with severe mismatch and/or depressed left ventricular performance.  If PPM is anticipated by preoperative predictions with a standard valve substitute, a natural valve substitute should be selected.  After one makes certain there are no obstructing lesions in the left ventricular outflow tract, an additional aortic annular enlarging procedure should not be necessary. Hemodynamic performance is best optimized by using a natural valve substitute (stentless heterograft, cryopreserved aortic allograft, pulmonary autograft) implanted with a total root replacement technique.

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