Intro4u2u

Iron exists in two states in solution-the ferrous and ferric forms. The iron test described here measures the soluble and
most precipitated forms of iron; both ferrous and ferric iron are detected.
Iron may be present in the water sample because it was present in the water supply, or it may be due to system
corrosion. Therefore, interpretation of iron results must address the factors of both scale and corrosion. For example,
iron deposits can form in a cooling system as the result of a scale problem (deposition of the natural iron in the water)
or a corrosion problem (wasting away of the metal surfaces). Thus, iron determinations can reveal information on
either deposition or corrosion taking place within a system.
SUMMARY OF METHOD
FerroVer® iron reagent reacts with all soluble iron and most insoluble forms of iron in the sample to produce soluble
ferrous iron. This reacts with the 1,10-phenanthroline indicator in the reagent to form an orange color in proportion to
the iron concentration. This method was adapted from Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, Federal Register, 45 (126), 433459 (June 27, 1980).
APPARATUS REQUIRED
Apparatus Betz Code
Cell, sample 25 mL, 2.5 cm (2 required) 2601
Clippers, large 2635
Cylinder, graduated, plastic, 25 mL 495
Flask, Erlenmeyer, glass, 50 mL 389
Pipet, plastic, 1 mL, graduated 371
Safety Bulb, rubber 1575
Spectrophotometer, DR 2000 2776
CHEMICALS REQUIRED
Chemical Betz Code
FerroVer® Iron Reagent Powder Pillow 2032
Iron, Standard Solution, 50 mg/L as Fe 523
RoVer® Rust Remover 2058
INTERFERENCES
The following will not interfere below the levels shown:
Chloride 185,000 mg/L
Calcium 10,000 mg/L as CaCO3
Magnesium 100,000 mg/L as CaCO3
A large excess of iron will inhibit color development. A diluted sample should be tested if there is any doubt about the
validity of a result.
FerroVer iron reagent powder pillows contain a masking agent that eliminates potential interference from copper.
Samples containing some forms of iron oxide require digestion in an acid and peroxide solution.
Samples containing large amounts of sulfide should be treated in a fume hood or well ventilated area as follows:
1. Add 5 mL of 50% hydrochloric acid (Betz Code 247) to 100 mL of sample and boil for 20 min.
2. Adjust the pH to between 2.5 and 5.0 with 5 N sodium hydroxide (Betz Code 2003).
3. Readjust the volume to 100 mL with deionized water.
4. Analyze as described below.
Highly buffered samples or extreme sample pH levels may exceed the buffering capacity of the reagent and require
sample pretreatment.
FerroVer iron reagent powder pillows are stable for up to 12 months, depending on storage and handling conditions. A
cool, dry atmosphere is recommended for long shelf life. To check the stability, add the contents of one powder pillow
to about 25 mL of water containing visual rust. If the characteristic orange color does not develop, the reagent has
deteriorated beyond use and should be discarded.
PROCEDURE FOR TEST
1. Using a graduated cylinder, transfer 25 mL of sample to an Erlenmeyer flask. Note: If the sample is turbid, add a
0.2 g scoop of RoVer® rust remover (Betz Code 2058) to 25 mL portions of the sample and blank, and wait 5 min.
Swirl to dissolve. Use the RoVer-containing blank to zero the instrument.
2. Add the contents of one FerroVer® iron reagent powder pillow and swirl to mix. An orange color will develop if iron
is present. Allow at least 3 min for the color to develop fully, but do not wait more than 30 min.
3. Turn on the spectrophotometer and set the wavelength at 510 nm.
4. Transfer a portion of unreacted sample to a clean sample cell. Place the cell in the spectrophotometer and set the
absorbance reading to zero.
5. Transfer the reacted sample (from step 2) to a clean sample cell, place it in the spectrophotometer, and read the
absorbance.
6. Use a previously prepared calibration curve to convert the absorbance reading to a concentration value.

With a population of just under eight million, London is Europe’s largest city, spreading across an area of more than 620 square miles from its core on the River Thames. Ethnically it’s also Europe’s most diverse metropolis: around two hundred languages are spoken within its confines, and more than thirty percent of the population is made up of first-, second- and third-generation immigrants. Despite Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish devolution, London still dominates the national horizon, too: this is where the country’s news and money are made, it’s where the central government resides and, as far as its inhabitants are concerned, provincial life begins beyond the circuit of the city’s orbital motorway. Londoners’ sense of superiority causes enormous resentment in the regions, yet it’s undeniable that the capital has a unique aura of excitement and success – in most walks of British life, if you want to get on you’ve got to do it in London.
For the visitor, too, London is a thrilling place – and in the last few years, the city has been in a relatively buoyant mood. Thanks to the national lottery and the millennium-oriented funding frenzy, virtually every one of London’s world-class museums, galleries and institutions has been reinvented, from the Royal Opera House to the British Museum. In the Tate Modern and the London Eye, the city can now boast the world’s largest modern art gallery and Ferris wheel, and the first new bridge to cross the Thames for over a hundred years. Furthermore, following sixteen years of being the only major city in the world not to have its own governing body, London finally acquired its own elected assembly in 2000, along with a mayor who’s determined to try and solve one of London’s biggest problems: transport.
In the meantime, London’s traditional sights – Big Ben, Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace, St Paul’s Cathedral and the Tower of London – continue to draw in millions of tourists every year. Monuments from the capital’s more glorious past are everywhere to be seen, from medieval banqueting halls and the great churches of Christopher Wren to the eclectic Victorian architecture of the triumphalist British Empire. There is also much enjoyment to be had from the city’s quiet Georgian squares, the narrow alleyways of the City of London, the riverside walks, and the quirks of what is still identifiably a collection of villages. And even London’s traffic problems are offset by surprisingly large expanses of greenery: Hyde Park, Green Park and St James’s Park are all within a few minutes’ walk of the West End, while, further afield, you can enjoy the more expansive countryside of Hampstead Heath and Richmond Park.
You could spend days just shopping in London, too, mixing with the upper classes in the tiara triangle around Harrods, or sampling the offbeat weekend markets of Portobello Road, Camden and Greenwich. The music, clubbing and gay/lesbian scenes are second to none, and mainstream arts are no less exciting, with regular opportunities to catch brilliant theatre companies, dance troupes, exhibitions and opera. Restaurants, these days, are an attraction, too. London is now on a par with its European rivals, and offers a range from three-star Michelin establishments to low-cost, high-quality Chinese restaurants and Indian curry houses. Meanwhile, the city’s pubs have heaps of atmosphere, especially away from the centre – and an exploration of the farther-flung communities is essential to get the complete picture of this dynamic metropolis

Nestled between the shores of the South China Sea, fronting the tropical islands and the majestic Mount Kinabalu, is the grand expanse of  Sutera Harbour Resort.  The 384-acre resort provides a spectacular array of activities from its luxurious five-star hotels, championship golf course, marina and recreational facilities, with future development of premier condominiums and bungalows.

The elegant business setting of the Pacific Sutera Hotel is complemented by the resort ambience of the Magellan Sutera Hotel, offering a total of 956 guest rooms and suites of luxurious comfort.

At the heart of this complex lies Sutera Harbour Marina, Golf & Country Club, incorporating the 27-hole Graham Marsh-designed golf course, a 104-berth marina, internationally renowned Mandara Spa and a host of recreational facilities.

Magellan Deluxe RoomRoom Information (Magellan Wing)

The 456 rooms and suites are uniquely designed to harmonize flair, luxury and taste with the architectural style and décor of Borneo.

Welcome to THE AUSTRALIA HOTEL

Come & experience the friendly hospitality the Australia Hotel has to offer. Situated in the town of Cessnock, the Gateway to the Hunter Valley Vineyards, & surrounded by a number of quality Golf Courses, The Australia Hotel is the perfect affordable alternative for your next Hunter Valley stay. Comfortable accommodation, welcoming bars, TAB, & the most popular Bistro in the area. We can help arrange your Winery tours, Golf “stay & plays”, & any number of the exciting activities the Hunter Valley has to offer.

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Book your hotel room at the Crowne Plaza Sarawak with us and save up to 75% OFF normal room rates. Details of facilities and amenities available at the Crowne Plaza Sarawak and our discount hotel rates are listed below. For your reservation at the Crowne Plaza Sarawak simply enter the dates of your stay below and complete our secure online hotel booking.
Crowne Plaza Sarawak

Crowne Plaza Sarawak
Address: Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman 93756 Kuching,
City: Sarawak

Description: Crowne Plaza Sarawak

Crowne Plaza Hotel Sarawak is a 5 star set of accommodation located in the heart of the city. Crowne Plaza Hotel is at a stone throw distance from the prime shopping, dining, entertainment and business district. The prime hot spots near the hotel are the fort Margerita and the stunning Sarawak River. The Crowne Plaza Sarawak is self content with its own shopping area and bowling alleys. Crowne Plaza Hotel is also specially designed for the business clients. The Crowne Plaza Hotel has allotted special 3 floors, luxurious and comfortable. The floors are fully privatized in the sense that the access to the floors is only through the private keys. Apart from this the Crowne Plaza Hotel Sarawak has equipped the business section with club lounge, secretarial services and high tea. The restaurant at the Crowne Plaza offers delectable variety if cuisines. The rooms are geared up with in room services like the comfy beds, bathrooms and attached showers, minibar, tea and coffee making facility, television, radio, laundry and the 24 hrs satellite connections. Apart from these the hotel has additional services of recreation for the guests. Crowne Plaza Hotel Sarawak is a happy blend of luxury and style coupled withy the oriental hospitality. The Crowne Plaza is just 20 mins away from the International Airport.
Facilities at Crowne Plaza Sarawak
Facilities & Amenities

Front Desk Business Center Concierge Elevator Banquet Restaurant Safe Deposit Box Lounge Coffee Shop Room Service Wheel Chair Access Bus Parking Parking Jacuzzi Outdoor Pool Sauna Jacuzzi Conference Facilities Meeting Facilities Secretarial Service Hair Dryer In Room Non Smoking Satellite TV AC Cable TV Direct Phone Channel Music Attached Bath Shower Minibar Hair Dryer Smoke Alarms Sprinklers Double Bed King Bed

Location: Crowne Plaza Hotel Sarawak is located in the capital of Sarawak, East Malaysia on Borneo Island, Crowne Plaza Riverside Kuching is a 5-star international hotel. Strategically located in the heart of Kuching’s entertainment, dining, shopping and business district, the hotel is twenty minutes from the Kuching International Airport.

Hotel Equatorial Bangi is conveniently equidistant from the Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Sepang and Kuala Lumpur’s city centre. It is also located next door to Putrajaya (Kuala Lumpur’s twin city and federal administrative centre) and the Multimedia Super Corridor in Cyberjaya — between 10 - 20 minutes drive away.

Perched majestically atop a hillock amidst six-acres of lush tropical setting, Hotel Equatorial Bangi — the only 5-star business resort in Bangi — is picturesquely outstanding. Built in the style of a low-rise Spanish villa with only eight stories, the visitor will undoubtedly be awed by the expansive green backdrop along the bougainvillea-lined driveway leading up to the hotel’s entrance. Designed by the world-renowned FIABCI award-winning Wimberly Allison Tong & Goo of Hawaii (who also designed the Hotel Equatorial Penang), the Hotel Equatorial Bangi offers 252 exquisitely furnished and excellently facilitated rooms. All the rooms overlook either the golf course or the beautifully-landscaped swimming pool, providing a vista of open fields and a feeling of spaciousness.

Popularly regarded as KL’s favourite hill-top business resort, the Hotel Equatorial Bangi opened its doors on May 12, 1997. Since then, it has been a popular hub for social and business gatherings among the local and Klang Valley community.

Hotel Equatorial Bangi-Putrajaya

A picturesque 5-star business resort, conveniently located midway between the capital’s International airport in Sepang and Kuala Lumpur city centre.  In addition, Hotel Equatorial Bangi-Putrajaya is next door to Malaysia’s administrative capital, Putrajaya and the Multimedia Super Corridor in Cyberjaya - a 10 to 20 minutes drive, making it the ideal choice for retreats.

Maximising the vast space available, the hotel was built in the style of low-rise villa with only 8 stories, in which there are 252 guestrooms.  As an integral part of the 27-hole championship golf course, the hotel offers a wonderful vista of open fields and a feeling of spaciousness.

There are 3 restaurants serving halal cuisine and one of which is the recently opened Café Lavista, an all day dining restaurant.  Famed for its extensive banqueting and meeting services and facilities, the hotel grounds have recently been fitted with team building park.

Places to visit around Bangi:

* Sepang International Circuit - 40 km
* Putrajaya Administrative Capital and Botani Park - 10lm
* Alamanda Shopping Centre - 10 km
* Multimedia Super Corridor (Cyberjaya) - 15 km
* Sunway Lagoon Theme Park - 35 km
* National Sport Complex at Bukit Jalil - 20 km
* Selangor Turf Club (horse-racing) - 20 km
* KLCC Shopping Centre - 25 km
* Petronas Twin Towers - 25 km
* Chinatown (Petaling Street) - 28 km
* Butterfly Park - 30 km
* Lake Garden - 30 km
* Batu Caves - 50 km
* Sungai Gabai Waterfalls (Ulu Langat) - 45 km
* Ulu Langat Forest Reserve - 45 km

Book your hotel room at the HOLIDAY INN DAMAI LAGOON, Sarawak with us and save up to 75% OFF normal room rates. Details of facilities and amenities available at the HOLIDAY INN DAMAI LAGOON, Sarawak and our discount hotel rates are listed below. For your reservation at the HOLIDAY INN DAMAI LAGOON, Sarawak, simply enter the dates of your stay below and complete our secure online hotel booking.
ook your hotel room at the Holiday Inn Damai Beach Sarawak with us and save up to 75% OFF normal room rates. Details of facilities and amenities available at the Holiday Inn Damai Beach Sarawak and our discount hotel rates are listed below. For your reservation at the Holiday Inn Damai Beach Sarawak simply enter the dates of your stay below and complete our secure online hotel booking.
Holiday Inn Damai Beach Sarawak

Holiday Inn Damai Beach Sarawak
Address: Teluk Bandung, Santubong Kuching
City: Sarawak

Description: Holiday Inn Damai Beach Sarawak

Sprawling over 90 acres of prime sea-front land, framed by the lush tropical forest of the legendary and majestic Mount Santubong, lies the Holiday Inn Resort Damai Beach

Facilities at Holiday Inn Damai Beach Sarawak
Facilities & Amenities

Front Desk Banquet Restaurant Lounge Coffee Shop Room Service Bus Parking Parking valet Parking Jacuzzi Outdoor Pool Sauna Jacuzzi Conference Facilities Meeting Facilities Non Smoking Squash AC Cable TV Direct Phone Channel Music Attached Bath Shower Minibar Hair Dryer Double Bed King Bed
Location: Holiday Inn Damai Beach Sarawak

JAL Domestic reservation, Ticket Purchase and Information
Toll Free Dial0120-25-5971 (By mobile phone Navi Dial0570-025-071)
JAL Domestic Ticket Assist Service (Daily 9:30-17:30 excluding Sat., Sun., holidays.)
JAL provides mailing and delivery services to those who have no JAL group office near by.

Ticket if paid by remitting money from a bank or a postal office
Tickets if paid by JAL group gift coupons (The coupons must reach JAL within validity.)
Alteration and refund of tickets issued at JAL group office
Refund of special discount tickets for JAL shareholders
Various certificates (Skymate, etc.)

* Passengers are responsible for bank transfer costs and ticket mailing expenses.
* Application must reach JAL at least 5 business days prior to departure, if you want to issue and excange the tickets.
* In the case of transfer, please transfer money by the ticketing deadline.

For details, please contact JAL domestic reservations and information

MAS Kargo is the cargo division of Malaysia Airlines.

LOCAL airfreight carrier MAS Kargo has embarked on a new beginning.

Its new team of managers are putting the past behind them and are committed to improving the company’s image and concentrating on keeping it on track. Their efforts are showing signs of success. Recently, a selected few of the Malaysian media were invited to Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam in the Netherlands for a first-hand experience on how MAS Kargo personnel managed to turn the tide there. Amsterdam is MAS Kargo’s hub for Europe.

Schiphol Airport is the fourth largest in Europe behind Heathrow Airport, Charles de Gaul Airport and Frankfurt Airport. Schiphol’s cargo traffic totalled 1,239,900 tonnes in 2002, a 4.8 per cent increase from the previous year. MAS Kargo handled 39,499,283 kg from April 2002 to February 2003, placing it among the top 10 airfreight airlines operating at Schiphol.

“It wasn’t easy to convince people to use our freighters in Europe because of our previous reputation and stiff competition in Schiphol Airport,” says MAS Kargo manager in Amsterdam, Kees-Jan de Vries.

KLM and Singapore Airlines (SIA) are just two of the competitors MAS Kargo has to contend with. The Dutch carrier is the biggest airfreight company at Schiphol, while SIA is one of the top 10 carriers with proven track records. In total, Schiphol has 42 airlines competing with each other. “We are able to get into the top 10 list because of the fact that we are more flexible compared to other airlines, the excellent cooperation and significant improvement in cargo handling in Kuala Lumpur and very good relationships with our business partners,” de Vries explains.

De Vries says flexibility in space exchange is one option that most airfreights could not afford to provide. He says this is the main reason why more shippers prefer to use MAS Kargo for their shipment to reach their Asian destinations on schedule. Currently, MAS Kargo flies six outbound 747-200 freight aircraft from Schiphol to Kuala Lumpur. In addition, MAS mounts seven passenger flights per week to and from Amsterdam, which also make room for cargo. This flight frequency to Schiphol has somewhat checked the dominance of MAS’ closest rival - SIA.

As Amsterdam is well connected to other European cities via land transport, it is possible for MAS Kargo to arrange shipments to and from other locations within hours, namely Frankfurt, Vienna, Paris, Rome, Zurich and London where MAS flights are available. Cargoes are moved to these destinations by truck.

A total of 10,153 kg of cargo has been moved via trucks for the financial year 2002-2003, with an average of 82 trucks per week. The cargo ranges from huge mining machinery to fragile flowers. “We try our best to give the best solution for our clients, unlike other airlines that are usually tied to a fixed schedule that gives little room for shippers to negotiate,” he explains.

In Europe, MAS Kargo’s biggest client is DHL. Others include Volvo, Intel, Seagate and Ericsson.

The improvement in management and drive at the MAS Kargo headquarters or Advanced Cargo Centre (ACC) at the KL International Airport (KLIA) has undoubtedly sowed the seeds of efficiency throughout its worldwide operations. Since the new management of MAS Kargo took over about three years ago, the company has experienced a complete turnaround in performance. Mishandlings have dropped by 96 per cent and cargo claims have been reduced by more than 80 per cent. The enhanced quality of ground handling at KLIA has resulted in a 17 per cent increase in overall tonnage handled and a 35 per cent increase in transhipment. A one-stop perishable centre is also available at ACC to cater to perishable cargoes.

Prior to the change, shippers of perishable items from Europe had avoided using the services of MAS Kargo due to its previous poor reputation. Its sole sales representative in Amsterdam, Peter R Penseel, has done a remarkable job of winning over these highly demanding customers.

“It took me 13 months to convince an exporter of paprika to use our services,” he says. The exporter finally agreed only after testing the airfreight with a few tonnes of paprika to Japan via Kuala Lumpur.

The paprika exporter, Gerrit Bergwerff, explains that in his business, the quality of the goods must be perfect upon arrival or the importer will reject them. Risks of damage are ever present in between stops as the paprikas must be kept between eight and twelve degrees Celsius at all times. He says exports to Japan are very important, as the country is the biggest importer of paprikas from Europe. “The Japanese are very strict with imported foods. If they find one paprika that has turned soft, the whole bunch will be rejected. This is why we are very careful in choosing airfreights. I hope MAS Kargo will keep up their good service and we hope to continue the relationship in the future,” says Bergwerff. With a small team of seven people running MAS Kargo in Amsterdam, de Vries says it relies heavily on its business partners to operate efficiently. At Schiphol, MAS Kargo is a contract partner with Aero Groundservices (AG), a company that takes care of all of the airfreight’s warehouse and ramp handling.

AG has more than 50 years’ experience in cargo handling and it is a privately owned company of VCK Holdings BV. Last year it handled 335,000 tonnes of cargo and 2,750 freighters at Schiphol, including those of MAS Kargo. Customs clearance is also a part of the company’s service. The company started working together with MAS Kargo in 1997. Although it functions in a semi-automated mode unlike MAS Kargo at KLIA, it is a reliable partner in the cargo chain. According to its commercial manager, Frans C. Meeuwes, MAS Kargo operations at AG grew to about 42 per cent last year. He expects the trend to continue in future.

Another subsidiary of VCK Holdings, VCK Air BV, has also developed strong ties with MAS Kargo and calls it one of its preferred carriers in the business. “We prefer MAS Kargo because it has chosen Amsterdam as its European hub. It has dedicated and qualified staff, flexible, better services beyond Kuala Lumpur and because Aero Groundservices does the handling,” says branch manager, Marc Kort.

He says the good relationship between them has paved the way for cheaper, more efficient and faster services.

Aside from VCK Air BV and AG, MAS Kargo also maintains good working relationships with prominent transport companies in Amsterdam such as Jan de Rijk, which is also a contract partner of the company. Jan de Rijk is a hi-tech logistics company with a vast European network and a fleet of 700 trucks.

De Vries, who has about 10 years’ experience with MAS Kargo, says the company’s position has completely changed for the better - from a carrier that was shunned by shippers to one among the preferred in Amsterdam. Last year, the uptrend pushed profits to RM65 million, a 21 per cent increase from the previous year. The achievements of MAS Kargo deserve praise, but it should not rest on its laurels