Intro4u2u

Iron exists in two states in solution-the ferrous and ferric forms. The iron test described here measures the soluble and
most precipitated forms of iron; both ferrous and ferric iron are detected.
Iron may be present in the water sample because it was present in the water supply, or it may be due to system
corrosion. Therefore, interpretation of iron results must address the factors of both scale and corrosion. For example,
iron deposits can form in a cooling system as the result of a scale problem (deposition of the natural iron in the water)
or a corrosion problem (wasting away of the metal surfaces). Thus, iron determinations can reveal information on
either deposition or corrosion taking place within a system.
SUMMARY OF METHOD
FerroVer® iron reagent reacts with all soluble iron and most insoluble forms of iron in the sample to produce soluble
ferrous iron. This reacts with the 1,10-phenanthroline indicator in the reagent to form an orange color in proportion to
the iron concentration. This method was adapted from Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, Federal Register, 45 (126), 433459 (June 27, 1980).
APPARATUS REQUIRED
Apparatus Betz Code
Cell, sample 25 mL, 2.5 cm (2 required) 2601
Clippers, large 2635
Cylinder, graduated, plastic, 25 mL 495
Flask, Erlenmeyer, glass, 50 mL 389
Pipet, plastic, 1 mL, graduated 371
Safety Bulb, rubber 1575
Spectrophotometer, DR 2000 2776
CHEMICALS REQUIRED
Chemical Betz Code
FerroVer® Iron Reagent Powder Pillow 2032
Iron, Standard Solution, 50 mg/L as Fe 523
RoVer® Rust Remover 2058
INTERFERENCES
The following will not interfere below the levels shown:
Chloride 185,000 mg/L
Calcium 10,000 mg/L as CaCO3
Magnesium 100,000 mg/L as CaCO3
A large excess of iron will inhibit color development. A diluted sample should be tested if there is any doubt about the
validity of a result.
FerroVer iron reagent powder pillows contain a masking agent that eliminates potential interference from copper.
Samples containing some forms of iron oxide require digestion in an acid and peroxide solution.
Samples containing large amounts of sulfide should be treated in a fume hood or well ventilated area as follows:
1. Add 5 mL of 50% hydrochloric acid (Betz Code 247) to 100 mL of sample and boil for 20 min.
2. Adjust the pH to between 2.5 and 5.0 with 5 N sodium hydroxide (Betz Code 2003).
3. Readjust the volume to 100 mL with deionized water.
4. Analyze as described below.
Highly buffered samples or extreme sample pH levels may exceed the buffering capacity of the reagent and require
sample pretreatment.
FerroVer iron reagent powder pillows are stable for up to 12 months, depending on storage and handling conditions. A
cool, dry atmosphere is recommended for long shelf life. To check the stability, add the contents of one powder pillow
to about 25 mL of water containing visual rust. If the characteristic orange color does not develop, the reagent has
deteriorated beyond use and should be discarded.
PROCEDURE FOR TEST
1. Using a graduated cylinder, transfer 25 mL of sample to an Erlenmeyer flask. Note: If the sample is turbid, add a
0.2 g scoop of RoVer® rust remover (Betz Code 2058) to 25 mL portions of the sample and blank, and wait 5 min.
Swirl to dissolve. Use the RoVer-containing blank to zero the instrument.
2. Add the contents of one FerroVer® iron reagent powder pillow and swirl to mix. An orange color will develop if iron
is present. Allow at least 3 min for the color to develop fully, but do not wait more than 30 min.
3. Turn on the spectrophotometer and set the wavelength at 510 nm.
4. Transfer a portion of unreacted sample to a clean sample cell. Place the cell in the spectrophotometer and set the
absorbance reading to zero.
5. Transfer the reacted sample (from step 2) to a clean sample cell, place it in the spectrophotometer, and read the
absorbance.
6. Use a previously prepared calibration curve to convert the absorbance reading to a concentration value.

Hotel Equatorial Bangi is conveniently equidistant from the Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Sepang and Kuala Lumpur’s city centre. It is also located next door to Putrajaya (Kuala Lumpur’s twin city and federal administrative centre) and the Multimedia Super Corridor in Cyberjaya — between 10 - 20 minutes drive away.

Perched majestically atop a hillock amidst six-acres of lush tropical setting, Hotel Equatorial Bangi — the only 5-star business resort in Bangi — is picturesquely outstanding. Built in the style of a low-rise Spanish villa with only eight stories, the visitor will undoubtedly be awed by the expansive green backdrop along the bougainvillea-lined driveway leading up to the hotel’s entrance. Designed by the world-renowned FIABCI award-winning Wimberly Allison Tong & Goo of Hawaii (who also designed the Hotel Equatorial Penang), the Hotel Equatorial Bangi offers 252 exquisitely furnished and excellently facilitated rooms. All the rooms overlook either the golf course or the beautifully-landscaped swimming pool, providing a vista of open fields and a feeling of spaciousness.

Popularly regarded as KL’s favourite hill-top business resort, the Hotel Equatorial Bangi opened its doors on May 12, 1997. Since then, it has been a popular hub for social and business gatherings among the local and Klang Valley community.

Hotel Equatorial Bangi-Putrajaya

A picturesque 5-star business resort, conveniently located midway between the capital’s International airport in Sepang and Kuala Lumpur city centre.  In addition, Hotel Equatorial Bangi-Putrajaya is next door to Malaysia’s administrative capital, Putrajaya and the Multimedia Super Corridor in Cyberjaya - a 10 to 20 minutes drive, making it the ideal choice for retreats.

Maximising the vast space available, the hotel was built in the style of low-rise villa with only 8 stories, in which there are 252 guestrooms.  As an integral part of the 27-hole championship golf course, the hotel offers a wonderful vista of open fields and a feeling of spaciousness.

There are 3 restaurants serving halal cuisine and one of which is the recently opened Café Lavista, an all day dining restaurant.  Famed for its extensive banqueting and meeting services and facilities, the hotel grounds have recently been fitted with team building park.

Places to visit around Bangi:

* Sepang International Circuit - 40 km
* Putrajaya Administrative Capital and Botani Park - 10lm
* Alamanda Shopping Centre - 10 km
* Multimedia Super Corridor (Cyberjaya) - 15 km
* Sunway Lagoon Theme Park - 35 km
* National Sport Complex at Bukit Jalil - 20 km
* Selangor Turf Club (horse-racing) - 20 km
* KLCC Shopping Centre - 25 km
* Petronas Twin Towers - 25 km
* Chinatown (Petaling Street) - 28 km
* Butterfly Park - 30 km
* Lake Garden - 30 km
* Batu Caves - 50 km
* Sungai Gabai Waterfalls (Ulu Langat) - 45 km
* Ulu Langat Forest Reserve - 45 km

Book your hotel room at the HOLIDAY INN DAMAI LAGOON, Sarawak with us and save up to 75% OFF normal room rates. Details of facilities and amenities available at the HOLIDAY INN DAMAI LAGOON, Sarawak and our discount hotel rates are listed below. For your reservation at the HOLIDAY INN DAMAI LAGOON, Sarawak, simply enter the dates of your stay below and complete our secure online hotel booking.
ook your hotel room at the Holiday Inn Damai Beach Sarawak with us and save up to 75% OFF normal room rates. Details of facilities and amenities available at the Holiday Inn Damai Beach Sarawak and our discount hotel rates are listed below. For your reservation at the Holiday Inn Damai Beach Sarawak simply enter the dates of your stay below and complete our secure online hotel booking.
Holiday Inn Damai Beach Sarawak

Holiday Inn Damai Beach Sarawak
Address: Teluk Bandung, Santubong Kuching
City: Sarawak

Description: Holiday Inn Damai Beach Sarawak

Sprawling over 90 acres of prime sea-front land, framed by the lush tropical forest of the legendary and majestic Mount Santubong, lies the Holiday Inn Resort Damai Beach

Facilities at Holiday Inn Damai Beach Sarawak
Facilities & Amenities

Front Desk Banquet Restaurant Lounge Coffee Shop Room Service Bus Parking Parking valet Parking Jacuzzi Outdoor Pool Sauna Jacuzzi Conference Facilities Meeting Facilities Non Smoking Squash AC Cable TV Direct Phone Channel Music Attached Bath Shower Minibar Hair Dryer Double Bed King Bed
Location: Holiday Inn Damai Beach Sarawak

JAL Domestic reservation, Ticket Purchase and Information
Toll Free Dial0120-25-5971 (By mobile phone Navi Dial0570-025-071)
JAL Domestic Ticket Assist Service (Daily 9:30-17:30 excluding Sat., Sun., holidays.)
JAL provides mailing and delivery services to those who have no JAL group office near by.

Ticket if paid by remitting money from a bank or a postal office
Tickets if paid by JAL group gift coupons (The coupons must reach JAL within validity.)
Alteration and refund of tickets issued at JAL group office
Refund of special discount tickets for JAL shareholders
Various certificates (Skymate, etc.)

* Passengers are responsible for bank transfer costs and ticket mailing expenses.
* Application must reach JAL at least 5 business days prior to departure, if you want to issue and excange the tickets.
* In the case of transfer, please transfer money by the ticketing deadline.

For details, please contact JAL domestic reservations and information

MAS Kargo is the cargo division of Malaysia Airlines.

LOCAL airfreight carrier MAS Kargo has embarked on a new beginning.

Its new team of managers are putting the past behind them and are committed to improving the company’s image and concentrating on keeping it on track. Their efforts are showing signs of success. Recently, a selected few of the Malaysian media were invited to Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam in the Netherlands for a first-hand experience on how MAS Kargo personnel managed to turn the tide there. Amsterdam is MAS Kargo’s hub for Europe.

Schiphol Airport is the fourth largest in Europe behind Heathrow Airport, Charles de Gaul Airport and Frankfurt Airport. Schiphol’s cargo traffic totalled 1,239,900 tonnes in 2002, a 4.8 per cent increase from the previous year. MAS Kargo handled 39,499,283 kg from April 2002 to February 2003, placing it among the top 10 airfreight airlines operating at Schiphol.

“It wasn’t easy to convince people to use our freighters in Europe because of our previous reputation and stiff competition in Schiphol Airport,” says MAS Kargo manager in Amsterdam, Kees-Jan de Vries.

KLM and Singapore Airlines (SIA) are just two of the competitors MAS Kargo has to contend with. The Dutch carrier is the biggest airfreight company at Schiphol, while SIA is one of the top 10 carriers with proven track records. In total, Schiphol has 42 airlines competing with each other. “We are able to get into the top 10 list because of the fact that we are more flexible compared to other airlines, the excellent cooperation and significant improvement in cargo handling in Kuala Lumpur and very good relationships with our business partners,” de Vries explains.

De Vries says flexibility in space exchange is one option that most airfreights could not afford to provide. He says this is the main reason why more shippers prefer to use MAS Kargo for their shipment to reach their Asian destinations on schedule. Currently, MAS Kargo flies six outbound 747-200 freight aircraft from Schiphol to Kuala Lumpur. In addition, MAS mounts seven passenger flights per week to and from Amsterdam, which also make room for cargo. This flight frequency to Schiphol has somewhat checked the dominance of MAS’ closest rival - SIA.

As Amsterdam is well connected to other European cities via land transport, it is possible for MAS Kargo to arrange shipments to and from other locations within hours, namely Frankfurt, Vienna, Paris, Rome, Zurich and London where MAS flights are available. Cargoes are moved to these destinations by truck.

A total of 10,153 kg of cargo has been moved via trucks for the financial year 2002-2003, with an average of 82 trucks per week. The cargo ranges from huge mining machinery to fragile flowers. “We try our best to give the best solution for our clients, unlike other airlines that are usually tied to a fixed schedule that gives little room for shippers to negotiate,” he explains.

In Europe, MAS Kargo’s biggest client is DHL. Others include Volvo, Intel, Seagate and Ericsson.

The improvement in management and drive at the MAS Kargo headquarters or Advanced Cargo Centre (ACC) at the KL International Airport (KLIA) has undoubtedly sowed the seeds of efficiency throughout its worldwide operations. Since the new management of MAS Kargo took over about three years ago, the company has experienced a complete turnaround in performance. Mishandlings have dropped by 96 per cent and cargo claims have been reduced by more than 80 per cent. The enhanced quality of ground handling at KLIA has resulted in a 17 per cent increase in overall tonnage handled and a 35 per cent increase in transhipment. A one-stop perishable centre is also available at ACC to cater to perishable cargoes.

Prior to the change, shippers of perishable items from Europe had avoided using the services of MAS Kargo due to its previous poor reputation. Its sole sales representative in Amsterdam, Peter R Penseel, has done a remarkable job of winning over these highly demanding customers.

“It took me 13 months to convince an exporter of paprika to use our services,” he says. The exporter finally agreed only after testing the airfreight with a few tonnes of paprika to Japan via Kuala Lumpur.

The paprika exporter, Gerrit Bergwerff, explains that in his business, the quality of the goods must be perfect upon arrival or the importer will reject them. Risks of damage are ever present in between stops as the paprikas must be kept between eight and twelve degrees Celsius at all times. He says exports to Japan are very important, as the country is the biggest importer of paprikas from Europe. “The Japanese are very strict with imported foods. If they find one paprika that has turned soft, the whole bunch will be rejected. This is why we are very careful in choosing airfreights. I hope MAS Kargo will keep up their good service and we hope to continue the relationship in the future,” says Bergwerff. With a small team of seven people running MAS Kargo in Amsterdam, de Vries says it relies heavily on its business partners to operate efficiently. At Schiphol, MAS Kargo is a contract partner with Aero Groundservices (AG), a company that takes care of all of the airfreight’s warehouse and ramp handling.

AG has more than 50 years’ experience in cargo handling and it is a privately owned company of VCK Holdings BV. Last year it handled 335,000 tonnes of cargo and 2,750 freighters at Schiphol, including those of MAS Kargo. Customs clearance is also a part of the company’s service. The company started working together with MAS Kargo in 1997. Although it functions in a semi-automated mode unlike MAS Kargo at KLIA, it is a reliable partner in the cargo chain. According to its commercial manager, Frans C. Meeuwes, MAS Kargo operations at AG grew to about 42 per cent last year. He expects the trend to continue in future.

Another subsidiary of VCK Holdings, VCK Air BV, has also developed strong ties with MAS Kargo and calls it one of its preferred carriers in the business. “We prefer MAS Kargo because it has chosen Amsterdam as its European hub. It has dedicated and qualified staff, flexible, better services beyond Kuala Lumpur and because Aero Groundservices does the handling,” says branch manager, Marc Kort.

He says the good relationship between them has paved the way for cheaper, more efficient and faster services.

Aside from VCK Air BV and AG, MAS Kargo also maintains good working relationships with prominent transport companies in Amsterdam such as Jan de Rijk, which is also a contract partner of the company. Jan de Rijk is a hi-tech logistics company with a vast European network and a fleet of 700 trucks.

De Vries, who has about 10 years’ experience with MAS Kargo, says the company’s position has completely changed for the better - from a carrier that was shunned by shippers to one among the preferred in Amsterdam. Last year, the uptrend pushed profits to RM65 million, a 21 per cent increase from the previous year. The achievements of MAS Kargo deserve praise, but it should not rest on its laurels

The airline started operations in 1947 with the name Malayan Airways, changing to Malaysian Airways after the formation of Malaysia. With the withdrawal of Singapore from Malaysia, Malaysian Airways changed its name into Malaysia-Singapore Airlines. Political drifts between Malaysia and Singapore governments resulted in the airline company splitting into separate entities, Malaysian Airlines System and Singapore Airlines. In 1987, Malaysian Airlines System rebranded into Malaysia Airlines.

Malaysia Airlines is listed on the stock exchange of Bursa Malaysia under the name Malaysian Airline System Berhad. Its parent company is Penerbangan Malaysia Berhad. The airline has suffered high losses over the years as a result of fuel price increases and poor management. The Government of Malaysia overhauled the operations of the airline and Idris Jala was appointed as the new CEO in 1 December 2005. Under his leadership, Malaysia Airlines unveiled its Business Turnaround Plan (BTP) in February 2006 which highlighted low yield, an inefficient network and low productivity (overstaffing). The airline headquarters building in downtown Kuala Lumpur has been sold. The new corporate headquarters is now at Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport in Subang.

Mandala Airlines operates scheduled domestic services within Republic of Indonesia. To date, none of the international routes have been launched.

Mandala Airlines was established and started operations in 1969. It was owned 90% by Yayasan Dharma Putra Kostrad and 10% shared by Dharma, Kencana, Sakti and Nusamba. It has a total of 1322 employees. Mandala is a member of the Indonesian National Air Carriers Association endorsable ticket system allowing passengers to use tickets on any of the participating carriers. As of April 2005, Cardig International is the sole owner of Mandala Airlines. In Oct 2006, Indigo Partners announced it has acquired a 49% stake in Mandala Airlines with PT Cardig International Aviation retaining a 51% stake.

Pelita Air Service provides scheduled services across Indonesian archipelago plus charter services for the oil & gas industry in Sumatra and Kalimantan

.

From a historical beginning of supporting exploration and exploitation of oil and natural gas fields, PT. Pelita Air Service (PAS) is now offering services to companies that plan to operate, or are already operating in this part of the world, it extensive first-class award winning services:
• Passenger Transport
• VVIP/Executive
• Offshore
• External Load such as banner and short/long sling line
• Medical Evacuation
• Seismic Operation
• Geological Survey
• Helirig
• Support and Training

PAS has gained international recognition (American Helicopter Association, Helicopter Association International, Lockheed, Mobil Oil, Zymex Switzerland Aviation, Deutsche Airbus Service Center, etc.) with participation in a variety of international activities, namely:
• Neutralization of a Major Oil Spill in the UK and South Korea
• The Paris - Dakkar Rally
• Oil Explorations in Papua New Guinea, Malaysia and the Philippines
• United Nations and International Red Cross Light Operations in Africa
• United Nations and International Red Cross Humanitarian Missions in South East Asia and various African countries

Domestically, PAS is trusted to render its services to the country’s President, Vice-President, and other dignitaries of the nation including visiting heads of state.
With an ability of covering terrains that are difficult or impossible to reach by any other mode of transportation, PAS is also trusted to support national programs such as the transportation of personnel and equipment engaged in oil operations on a routine basis.
With a maintenance subsidiary - PT. IndoPelita Aircraft Services - PAS has the ability and expertise of conducting maintenance and repair work from its exclusively owned airfield in Pondok Cabe (south Jakarta) consisting of hangar, warehouse and a 3,000 meters runway.

Air Asia is a low-cost airline in Southeast Asia which operates from 6 bases in 3 countries : Kuala Lumpur, Johor Bahru, Kuching & Kota Kinabalu (Malaysia), Bangkok (Thailand) and Jakarta (Indonesia). Turboprop operation within Malaysian Borneo is operated by its subsidiary

Kartika Airlines is a regional airline of Indonesia providing domestic and regional services.

Re-introducing Kartika Airlines, a local airline with new world class standard of flying pleasure. Starting on June 2005, Kartika Airlines is flying broader to meet middle-up business needs. Explore new experiences of flying to more domestic destinations with us.
We are supported by well trained human resources and our proven aircrafts for a highest level of flying satisfaction. And of-course, enjoy our new standard in-flight services, and we will take you fly the way you always wanna fly.

As a service-oriented aviation company, Kartika Airlines emphasizes the importance of human resources quality as one of the main company assets. It supported with best routes to meet business pleasure flying experience, highest satisfaction level during pre-flight, in-flight and post-flight services, comfortable and spacious seats configuration, high quality of meal services in all routes, and also experienced and well-trained flight attendants to serve everyone on board the flight.