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In a feat that could one day result in groundbreaking new cancer treatments, British scientists have identified genetic mutations that lead to lung cancer and melanoma.The findings were published December 16, 2009 in the journal Nature. Researchers at The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Cambridge, England, took cancerous cells from two patients — one with melanoma and one with lung cancer — and compared them to normal, healthy cells taken from the same individuals. Nearly 23,000 cell changes (called mutations) were found in the lung cancer genome, while more than 30,000 were found in the melanoma genome. While most mutations are harmless, the more mutations that occur, the more likely it is one will lead to cancer.The findings are remarkable because this is the first time that almost all of the mutations in the genomes of lung cancer and melanoma have been revealed. Even more important, the techniques used in this study allowed the researchers to identify what caused the mutations

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